Businesses and Proprietorship - 2001 Words

Businesses are started every day, and each one is different in its own special way, but no matter what type of business it is, a sole proprietorship, a general or limited partnership, a C or S corporation, or a limited liability it will still be affected in some way by seven basic characteristics. The characteristics of business; liability, income tax, longevity or continuity, control, profit retention, location, and convenience or burden. In this paper a description of each business type and how they are affected by the seven characteristics of business will be given, showing the clear advantage and disadvantages of each type of business. Sole proprietorship A sole proprietorship is a business that has no legal separate existence from its owner. The characteristics that are the greatest advantages to this type of business are its freedoms. A sole proprietorship has complete control and decision-making power over the business. There are no corporate tax payments and profits are not shared; however income and losses are taxed on the individuals personal income tax return. And this brings me to the disadvantages of owning a sole proprietorship. Liability is the biggest; it falls solely on the owner of the business. In the event that penalties or debts have to be paid, payments come from the personal assets of the owner. The burdens that come with maintaining the business and the standards of it fall on the owner despite the number of employees. The success of theShow MoreRelated The History and Role of Accounting in Business Essays1533 Words   |  7 Pagesor Service Market Stakeholders are buyers of products or services and vendors to the business. Examples of Product or service market stakeholders are customers and suppliers. Government stakeholders have an interest in the economic performance of businesses, which in other words they collect taxes and fees from the business and its employees. Examples of these stakeholders are federal, state, and local governments. Internal stakeholders are people that are actually employed by the business or or ganizationRead MoreForms Of Businesses By Edgar Llamas1474 Words   |  6 Pages Forms of Businesses Edgar Llamas Business 101-30D September, 21 2014 â€Æ' Opening a business might seem like a difficult task to achieve. With many different forms, how is one to decide which is the best? People cannot start any type of businesses without know the five basic forms of businesses in the world. Whether it is to be your own boss, or to partner up with another person. It is an essential to know all the facts about each type before opening up a business. It is critical knowingRead MoreThe Legal Forms Of Business1329 Words   |  6 PagesFirst of all, there are three legal forms of business, which consist of sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. People can run a business in these three types of ways, which in some ways each type of business has its benefits and has its losses. Also, setting up a business needs to be planned out, and have expectations on how the business needs to run. People can’t just go out and start a business without having any plans. If a person did that, then that business would not last longRead Mor eComparing Types Of Business Ownership1331 Words   |  6 Pages Comparing Types of Businesses Name: Sabrina Bhinder Date: September 10th, 2014 In the space below, explain each of the following terms and provide an example. Forms of business ownership (5K marks) 1. Sole proprietorship †¢ A business that is just owned by only one person, who receives all the profit for everything. Example of a sole proprietorship can be a hairdresser that buys a chair for their business and can get customers directly for them. 2. Partnership †¢ WhenRead MoreBusiness Personal Liability Exposure Risk1513 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The running and operation of businesses poses the risks of loss and liability in the case of tort negligence or breach of contract. However, the business legal structure of a given organization greatly determines the risk of exposure to personal liability (Bevans, 2006). The paper investigates and compares the risk of exposure to personal liability in five business entities and explores how the risk can be mitigated. Business personal liability risk is classified as limited and unlimitedRead MoreThe Business Structures Of The United States1729 Words   |  7 Pagesmarket economy are sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, and Limited Liability Company. These business structures are the most popular business structures in the United States due to their great amount of success, but they all have their own positive and negative qualities. When founding a new business, there is always one question that arises: Which business structure is the most efficient? The oldest and basic business structure of all time is the sole proprietorship structure. It is alsoRead MoreThe Importance Of Business Structure1145 Words   |  5 Pagesreturns and they are taxed as the individual level (Steingold, 2015). In a sole proprietorship, the owner and the business are one-in-the-same. However, they are liable for any debts that the business accrues and put their personal assets at risk for the business’s liabilities (Johnson, 2015). Despite the liability associated with a sole proprietorship, it is still often the best choice for many small businesses because its simplicity and its inexpensive nature; most sole proprietors are unlikelyRead MoreDifferent Forms of Business: Exploring Definitions and Scenarios1029 Words   |  4 Pagesfar different than purchasing a new television from a nationally-operated chain. While many people understand that certain differences between these types of businesses exist, it is far less common for an individual to understand the specifics. The world of business is vast and varying, containing categories such as the sole proprietorship, the partnership, the limited liability partnership, the limited liability company, the s-corporation and franchise. In beginning to understand the differencesRead MoreWhy Is Raising Capital Critical For Success Of A Business?1478 Words   |  6 Pagescapital is critical to the success of a business. This is something you need more than little. Capital will be a businesses financial cushion. Investors, Banks, Credit Cards, grants or a simple loan from family is the start to gaining capital to start a business. This is critical when with no financial support you can be out of business. If you were to start any one of three types of businesses, and had access to all the resources needed, what kind would start and why? Services is a business I wouldRead MoreBusiness Impact Of Business On Business854 Words   |  4 Pagesorder to secure the future success of the business it is important to select, plan, and organize the ideal business that fits best. The sorts of business substance picked comprise of three regular structures know as sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation. Sole proprietorship is a business structure in which one can operate and work on its own. It is the most straightforward and fastest approach to set up an operation. Many sole owners do business under their own name and many others like

Essay on Cold war responsibility - 585 Words

Activity #4 – Essay â€Å"Truman was more responsible for the Cold War than Stalin was.† President Truman was convinced from the beginning that Stalin intended to take over countries based solely by the fact that there were communist parties present in them. France, Italy and even China, are perfect examples of this. And in the Greek civil war it wasn’t the USSR that was giving aid to the communists, it was Yugoslavia. It was obvious that Stalin had no major plans for any kind of global communist domination. But nevertheless, Truman placed the blame for the growing popularity of communism’s ‘political poison’ on Stalin, and convinced the American people to share his outlook. Without even looking at the fact that no USSR troops were in†¦show more content†¦President Truman in early July made a public show of sending three squadrons of B-29 bombers--the planes designated to carry atomic bombs--to England and Germany. The aircraft did not carry any atomic bombs, no one had any way of knowing that. In rushing the reconstruction of West Germany because of an irrational fear of communist takeover, Truman only increased hostility and moved the US into another war. He should have consulted more often with the Soviets on currency issues and industrial policy. The president exaggerated Berlins importance, and his tough posturing made the crisis last longer than necessary and increased the danger of armed conflict. It was not wise of him to publicly threaten the use of atomic weapons. Trumans actions were, in fact, reckless because they risked war over an area that possessed political rather than military significance. In the presidential election of November 1948, Truman polled twenty-four million votes to the Republican opposition’s twenty-two; Truman’s primary aim was to enhance national prestige and score a political victory. In conclusion, Truman was constantly ready with very strong charges against communism, but they were all misleading and misinforming. Truth, justice, international understanding, and peace – goals of decent people everywhere – are not served by dividing the world into quot;good guysquot; and quot;bad guys,quot; into saints and devils, into quot;free peoplesquot; and followers of anShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War : The United States Responsibility1919 Words   |  8 Pages Causes of the Cold War: The United States’ Responsibility Ravina Gautam HI 209- The United States Since 1877 Dr. Monod March 13, 2015 Gautam 1 This essay will be seeking to prove that the United States was responsible for starting the Cold War. Through consulting with 6 secondary literature sources, ample evidence will be drawn to effectively support the contention regarding the United States’ involvement. In How the Cold War Began, Amy Knight discusses the Gouzenko affairRead MoreEssay on Autonomy and Political Responsibility after the Cold War2592 Words   |  11 PagesAutonomy and Political Responsibility after the Cold War After World War II, Europe emerged as a continent torn between two very different political ideologies, Communism and Democracy. As the two major superpowers, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States, struggled to defend their respective governmental policies, the European Continent was caught in an intrinsic struggle to preserve the autonomy which had taken so long to achieve. During the Cold War, Eastern European nationsRead MoreOvercoming The Cold War Required Courage From The People1104 Words   |  5 PagesOvercoming the Cold War required courage from the people of Central and Eastern Europe and what was then the German Democratic Republic, but it also required the steadfastness of Western partner over many decades when many had long lost hope of integration of the two Germanys and Europe. (Angela Merkel- Read more at: https:// www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/a/angelamerk416808.html?src=t_cold_war.) But the Cold war was between the Soviet Union and the United States and how once they was united andRead More The Cold War Essay808 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was one of the most important political confrontations of the twentieth century, with the potential to wreak enormous damage to the world and its inhabitants. It began during the last stages of World War II when the alliances were crumbling and ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Cold War was the 20th centurys version of great power rivalry (except they were superpowers with the ability to annihilate each other with nuclear weapons at a moments notice.) From theRead MoreThe Role Of Women During Post War Period1508 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of Women During the post-war period women were getting more opportunities and freedoms within society, while at the same time getting more limitations. Using one’s maternal instinct was a concept that was heavily stressed during this period and made a big impact on their home life and work life. The Cold War was a time where women had a lot of responsibilities to both their family but also society. They were the caretakers and had an incredible amount of work to do in preparation of nuclearRead MoreThe Cold War1120 Words   |  4 Pages Cold War In 1945 after WWII the United States and the Soviet Union became divided as far as how they felt Europe should be divided. This began the period of conflict called the Cold War. The Cold War was â€Å"a state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare†(dictionary.com).The USSR believed in communism, where the US believed in democracy. The US was between two potentially hostile nations, the US designed a BufferRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War is unique among war’s to be not a war between states, but a war between ideologies. The United States and other allies defend social democracy capitalism, as the pinnacle of freedom and equality; and the Soviet Union though communism was the pinnacle of equality. These ideologies manifested themselves through the superpowers, which caused the conflict between them. Both the United States, and the Soviet Uni on are to blame for the outbreak of the Cold War. The United State’s missionRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1462 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the term â€Å"Cold War† was popularised to refer to post-war tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union, interpreting the course and origins of the conflict became a source of heated controversy among historians. In particular, who was responsible for the breakdown of Soviet-U.S. relations after the Second World War? During World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union were allied against the Axis powers. However, in the years that followed the end of World War II, the allianceRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union After World War II874 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was a direct result of the feud between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II. Due to this feud both countries made alliances, Canada went with the United States as well as many other countries and together for med NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Following the influence and model of the United States’ social structure and capitalist economy, as well as the constant threat of nuclear warfare and communism, a new social structure was created within CanadaRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb1094 Words   |  5 Pagesknowledge. The hand in hand connection of the politics and world affairs at the time changed the playing field for scientists and knowledge. The world was in the midst of two world wars at this time period and mass killings were occurring. Most saw a need to end war more quickly to prevent further death. The responsibility for the atomic bomb ultimately lies in the hands of the scientists who created the bomb and the politics that occurred. Scientists and politics are to blame for the atomic bomb as

Holistic Nursing Free Essays

Holistic assessments in nursing provide a unique quality of care to the individual patient. Holism in the provision of care includes assessments obtaining data about the physiological, psychological, sociological, spiritual, developmental, cultural and environmental aspects. It is imperative that the nurse conducting these assessments adopts methods in the nursing process that reflects the standards outlined in Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council National Competency Standards for the Registered Nurse to ensure the health and wellbeing of the patient is maximized and maintained throughout the time health care is received. We will write a custom essay sample on Holistic Nursing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nursing processes are directed at restoring overall harmony for the patient therefore an understanding of the individual as a whole person must be assessed. During the nursing process, the nurse will perform the assessment, diagnose, plan, implement and evaluate the patient in an ongoing process. This essay will outline the importance of a holistic approach in nursing assessment and the importance assessment in the nursing process. ultural, spiritual and psychological aspects of the holistic assessment and the relevance of these components in the provision of care will be discussed and how AMNC standards apply to care in nursing. A holistic approach in nursing assessment establishes the patients’ physiological, psychological, sociological, spiritual, developmental, cultural and environmental aspects in their life. Obtaining data holistically is vital in assisting a patients’ ability to manage their symptoms and emotional status maximizing quality of life during the stag es of illness or health changes (Margereson Trenoweth 2009: 104). The aim of the holistic approach in nursing assessment is to establish the type of support and care required for the individual, developing a quality of care that assists their wellbeing as a whole person (Margereson Trenoweth 2009: 104). When assessing the patient it is important that the nurse â€Å"collects data that relates to physiological, psychological, spiritual, socio-economic and cultural variables on an ongoing basis† as outlined in ANMC competency 5. 1 (ANMC 2006, p. ). The ANMC competency is supported by, Margereson Trenoweth (2009:104), who describes the assessment process as ongoing and is determined by the changing needs of the patient, their family and their carer’s. Margereson Trenoweth (2009: 104) further describes that the holistic approach supports the patient to build psychological resilience and wellbeing, to maintain independence as well as developing care and support networks that is best suited to the individual. The holistic approach in nursing assessment provides the patient assistance in decision making, achieving goals, addressing needs and desires and can build on strengths (Margereson Trenoweth 2009: 104). Therefore, it is crucial to obtain data holistically in assessment to support and maximise the patients’ health and wellbeing. Assessment in the nursing process is an important aspect, as the information gathered enables a comprehensive response to the patients’ health status. It is important for the nurse to adopt an approach following the guidelines outlined in the ANMC, Domain 5, â€Å"Provision and coordination of care† (ANMC 2006, p. 8) to ensure preferences are met an accuracy is maintained when carrying out assessment. The nursing process is a cyclic method that involves assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing and evaluating (Kozier Erb 2012: 213). Kozier Erb (2012: p. 212-213) describes the nursing process as an overlapping lapping sequence that focuses on establishing the patients social, cultural, emotional, spiritual as well as physical needs. Assessment will establish this data as well as a patients’ health history, concerns, health status and their ability to manage their own health care needs (Kozier Erb: 213). Kozier Erb (2012: 212) also maintain that data collected in the assessment phase enables the patients’ lifestyle and routines to be incorporated into the care plan. Assessment is about collecting as much information as possible enabling problem solving throughout the nursing process. Assessment in the nursing process will establish the patients’ ongoing needs and provide a quality of care best suited to the individual, to achieve a desirable health outcome. Cultural aspects of holistic assessment is relevant in the provision of nursing care as it provides the care team with an overview of cultural needs of the patient as well as providing information in which the patients’ health problems have arisen. Culture is defined as values, beliefs, artifacts, behaviors, attitudes and customs influencing and regulating interactions between members of a social group (Stein-Parbury 2010: 91; Johnstone 2006: 67). It is the nurses responsibility to adhere to the ANMC, competency 2. 3, ‘accepts individuals/groups to whom care is provided regardless of race, culture, religion, age, gender, sexual preference, physical or mental state’ (ANMC 2006, p. 4). Kozier Erb (2012: 360) discuss that cultural sensitivity, appropriateness, competency and safety are all factors that are required to be taken into consideration so that the patient can be provided with the best possible health care. Kozier Erb (2012: 360) also explain that conflicts in health care have been apparent due to cultural misunderstandings. An example of a cultural misunderstanding is the level of pain. In some cultures, it is normal to dramatically express ones level of pain whereas in other cultures people do not complain when in pain (Stein-Parbury 2010: 94). Culture is also an important aspect as it can explain nutrition, environmental and home status and level of education ( Kozier Erb: 360) which all relate to the provision of care to be given. The holistic assessment of a patients cultural aspects enable the best suitable approach in the provision of care, upholding the patients’ rights, addressing their needs and minimizing misunderstandings. Spiritual needs are often emphasized in times of ill health or other health related crisis therefore it is imperative that spirituality of the patient is understood in order to maximize provision of care. Kozier Erb (2012: 1154) define spirituality as a way in which a person lives their life, bound in beliefs and values and how their own meaning or perception is viewed. A holistic assessment will determine the spiritual needs of the patient to enable the nurse to respond appropriately to the patient whilst adhering to ANMC, competency 9. 5, ‘Facilitates a physical, psychosocial, cultural and spiritual environment that promotes individual/group safety and security’ (ANMC 2006, p. 12). Narayanasamy (2009:886-890), describes spirituality as a fundamental aspect in holistic assessment as it can promote the patients mind, body and spirit as well as determining there state of mind in relation to spiritual distress such as loss of hope. Spirituality is an important part of the healing process as it can provide comfort, reduce suffering and assist in the physical and mental healing of the patient (Kozier Erb 2012: 1154). Kozier Erb (2012: 1155) state that the nurse who attends to their own spiritual needs is able to assist others and have a better understanding of the patients spiritual needs. Therefore, the provision of care will be heightened and the spiritual needs of the patient can be addressed in a holistic assessment. Psychological aspects of mind-body interactions are of great importance in the holistic assessment process in order to provide provision of care. The nurse is obligated to follow ANMC, competency 5. 1 ‘Uses a relevant evidence-based assessment framework to collect data and the physical socio-cultural and mental health of the individual/group’ (ANMC 2006, p. 8). Kozier Erb (2012:345), explain that mind-body interactions can have a good or ill effect on the body for example, stress can lead to an altered body function such as an increased urinary frequency. Assessment of psychological status is imperative to establish the correct provision of care to be provided. Kozier Erb (2012: 345) maintain that the minds ability to influence health status is receiving more attention and treatments such as relaxation techniques are being more commonly used to combat symptoms of stress. Illnesses have the ability to create emotional responses as well such as fear and depression, therefore the nurse must take into consideration these variables when conducting an holistic assessment to provide quality care to the patient. Holism in the provision of care is imperative to maintain in the nursing process. Holistic assessments carried out are unique and individual for each patient. This can be obtained in the nursing process by gathering data holistically by assessing the physiological, psychological, sociological, spiritual, developmental, cultural and environmental aspects of the patient. A better understanding of the patients’ needs and requirements for care can be developed to provide health restoration in the best possible manner suited to the individual. The Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council National Competency Standards for the Registered Nurse outlines the requirements for nurses to follow to ensure health care is delivered at the highest standard. References Australian Nursing Midwifery Council 2006, National Competency Standards For The Registered Nurse, 4th edn, viewed 2 September 2012, . Berman, A et al. , 2012, Kozier and Erb’s fundamentals of nursing, Australian adaptation, 2nd edn, Pearson, Sydney. Ellis, HK Narayanasamy, A 2009, ‘An Investigation into the Role of Spirituality in Nursing’, British Journal of Nursing, Vol. 18, No. 14, pp. 886-890. Johnstone, M 2006, Bioethics: a nursing perspective, Elsevier Australia, Marrickville, NSW. Margereson, C Trenoweth, S 2009, Developing Holistic Care for Long-term Conditions, Routledge, New York. Stein-Parbury, J 2009, Patient and Person: Interpersonal Skills in Nursing, 4th edn, Elsevier, Marrickville. How to cite Holistic Nursing, Papers

Big Bang Effect Essay Example For Students

Big Bang Effect Essay Big Bang EffectIt is always a mystery about how the universe began, whether if and when it will end. Astronomers construct hypotheses called cosmological models that try to find the answer. There are two types of models: Big Bang and Steady State. However, through many observational evidences, the Big Bang theory can best explain the creation of the universe. The Big Bang model postulates that about 15 to 20 billion years ago, the universe violently exploded into being, in an event called the Big Bang. Before the Big Bang, all of the matter and radiation of our present universe were packed together in the primeval fireballan extremely hot dense state from which the universe rapidly expanded.1 The Big Bang was the start of time and space. The matter and radiation of that early stage rapidly expanded and cooled. Several million years later, it condensed into galaxies. The universe has continued to expand, and the galaxies have continued moving away from each other ever since. Today the universe is still expanding, as astronomers have observed. The Steady State model says that the universe does not evolve or change in time. There was no beginning in the past, nor will there be change in the future. This model assumes the perfect cosmological principle. This principle says that the universe is the same everywhere on the large scale, at all times.2 It maintains the same average density of matter forever. There are observational evidences found that can prove the Big Bang model is more reasonable than the Steady State model. First, the redshifts of distant galaxies. Redshift is a Doppler effect which states that if a galaxy is moving away, the spectral line of that galaxy observed will have a shift to the red end. The faster the galaxy moves, the more shift it has. If the galaxy is moving closer, the spectral line will show a blue shift. If the galaxy is not moving, there is no shift at all. However, as astronomers observed, the more distance a galaxy is located from Earth, the more redshift it shows on the spectrum. This means the further a galaxy is, the faster it moves. Therefore, the universe is expanding, and the Big Bang model seems more reasonable than the Steady State model. The second observational evidence is the radiation produced by the Big Bang. The Big Bang model predicts that the universe should still be filled with a small remnant of radiation left over from the original violent explosion of the primeval fireball in the past. The primeval fireball would have sent strong shortwave radiation in all directions into space. In time, that radiation would spread out, cool, and fill the expanding universe uniformly. By now it would strike Earth as microwave radiation. In 1965 physicists Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson detected microwave radiation coming equally from all directions in the sky, day and night, all year.3 And so it appears that astronomers have detected the fireball radiation that was produced by the Big Bang. This casts serious doubt on the Steady State model. The Steady State could not explain the existence of this radiation, so the model cannot best explain the beginning of the universe. Since the Big Bang model is the better model, the existence and the future of the universe can also be explained. Around 15 to 20 billion years ago, time began. The points that were to become the universe exploded in the primeval fireball called the Big Bang. The exact nature of this explosion may never be known. However, recent theoretical breakthroughs, based on theprinciples of quantum theory, have suggested that space, and thematter within it, masks an infinitesimal realm of utter chaos,where events happen randomly, in a state called quantumweirdness.4Before the universe began, this chaos was all there was. At some time, a portion of this randomness happened to form a bubble, with a temperature in excess of 10 to the power of 34 degrees Kelvin. Being that hot, naturally it expanded. For an extremely brief and short period, billionths of billionths of a second, it inflated. At the end of the period of inflation, the universe may have a diameter of a few centimetres. The temperatur e had cooled enough for particles of matter and antimatter to form, and they instantly destroy each other, producing fire and a thin haze of matter-apparently because slightly more matter than antimatter was formed.5 The fireball, and the smoke of its burning, was the universe at an age of trillionth of a second. .u7c48038f3e3dfdcc85264c5a517448c8 , .u7c48038f3e3dfdcc85264c5a517448c8 .postImageUrl , .u7c48038f3e3dfdcc85264c5a517448c8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7c48038f3e3dfdcc85264c5a517448c8 , .u7c48038f3e3dfdcc85264c5a517448c8:hover , .u7c48038f3e3dfdcc85264c5a517448c8:visited , .u7c48038f3e3dfdcc85264c5a517448c8:active { border:0!important; } .u7c48038f3e3dfdcc85264c5a517448c8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7c48038f3e3dfdcc85264c5a517448c8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7c48038f3e3dfdcc85264c5a517448c8:active , .u7c48038f3e3dfdcc85264c5a517448c8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7c48038f3e3dfdcc85264c5a517448c8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7c48038f3e3dfdcc85264c5a517448c8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7c48038f3e3dfdcc85264c5a517448c8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7c48038f3e3dfdcc85264c5a517448c8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7c48038f3e3dfdcc85264c5a517448c8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7c48038f3e3dfdcc85264c5a517448c8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7c48038f3e3dfdcc85264c5a517448c8 .u7c48038f3e3dfdcc85264c5a517448c8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7c48038f3e3dfdcc85264c5a517448c8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Scarlet Letter Literary Criticism EssayThe temperature of the expanding fireball dropped rapidly, cooling to a few billion degrees in few minutes. Matter continued to condense out of energy, first protons and neutrons, then electrons, and finally neutrinos. After about an hour, the temperature had dropped below a billion degrees, and protons and neutrons combined and formed hydrogen, deuterium, helium. In a billion years, this cloud of energy, atoms, and neutrinos had cooled enough for galaxies to form. The expanding cloud cooled still further until today, its temperature is a couple of degrees above absolute zero. In the future, the universe may end up in two possible situations. From the initial Big Bang, the universe attained a speed of expansion. If that speed is greater than the universes own escape velocity, then the universe will not stop its expansion. Such a universe is said to be open. If the velocity of expansion is slower than the escape velocity, the universe will eventually reach the limit of its outward thrust, just like a ball thrown in the air comes to the top of its arc, slows, stops, and starts to fall. The crash of the long fall may be the Big Bang to the beginning of another universe, as the fireball formed at the end of the contraction leaps outward in another great expansion.6 Such a universe is said to be closed, and pulsating. If the universe has achieved escape velocity, it will continue to expand forever. The stars will redden and die, the universe will be like a limitless empty haze, expanding infinitely into the darkness. This space will become even emptier, as the fundamental particles of matter age, and decay through time. As the years stretch on into infinity, nothing will remain. A few primitive atoms such as positrons and electrons will be orbiting each other at distances of hundreds of astronomical units.7 These particles will spiral slowly toward each other until touching, and they will vanish in the last flash of light. After all, the Big Bang model is only an assumption. No one knows for sure that exactly how the universe began and how it will end. However, the Big Bang model is the most logical and reasonable theory to explain the universe in modern science. ENDNOTES1. Dinah L. Mache, Astronomy, New York: John Wiley Sons,Inc., 1987. p. 128. 2. Ibid., p. 130. 3. Joseph Silk, The Big Bang, New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1989. p. 60. 4. Terry Holt, The Universe Next Door, New York: CharlesScribners Sons, 1985. p. 326. 5. Ibid., p. 327. 6. Charles J. Caes, Cosmology, The Search For The Order OfThe Universe, USA: Tab Books Inc., 1986. p. 72. 7. John Gribbin, In Search Of The Big Bang, New York: BantamBooks, 1986. p. 273. BIBLIOGRAPHYBoslough, John. Stephen Hawkings Universe. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1980. Caes, J. Charles. Cosmology, The Search For The Order Of The Universe. USA: Tab Books Inc., 1986. Gribbin, John. In Search Of The Big Bang. New York: Bantam Books, 1986. Holt, Terry. The Universe Next Door. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1985. Kaufmann, J. William III. Astronomy: The Structure Of The Universe. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1977. Mache, L. Dinah. Astronomy. New York: John Wiley Sons, Inc., 1987. Silk, Joseph. The Big Bang. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1989. Words/ Pages : 1,285 / 24

Imperialism or National Protection What is the Definition of the United States of America

What is the Definition of the United States of America? Imperialism and national protection resemble intertwined terms where the United States of America is concerned. This essay looks at two key speeches made by the U.S. presidents Harry S. Truman during the Cold War, and George W. Bush during the first Iraq war. In these documents we witness the definition of the United States, specifically, how the United States defines itself, how it sees itself as a country, and how it views itself as a member nation of planet earth.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Imperialism or National Protection: What is the Definition of the United States of America? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The United States protects its own interests, namely, resources such as oil, as well as the democratic political system, and this protectionism extends to the four corners of the earth. Foreign policy is national security, and vice versa. Wh ere the United States is concerned, borders, and the right of nations to govern its peoples as they see fit, remain lip service items. Let us begin with the Truman speech. The Truman Doctrine was delivered on the 12th of March, 1947, before a Joint Session of the United States Congress. Since Truman’s time, and likely before, the United States has adopted a father knows best attitude toward the rest of the world. The United States believes that it speaks for the world, and it feels beholden to look after the world. How much of this paternalism stems from self protection? All of it. Interestingly, however, in Truman’s words, â€Å"one of the primary objectives of the foreign policy of the United States is the creation of conditions in which we and other nations will be able to work out a way of life free from coercion. This was a fundamental issue in the war with Germany and Japan. Our victory was won over countries which sought to impose their will, and their way of l ife, upon other nations† (Truman 4). The irony of this statement, in light of the constant and unrelenting interference that the United States subjects numerous nations all over the world to on a daily basis, appears lost on Truman. Truman’s speech points to one of the core tenets of the self image of the United States; colloquially, the United States defines itself as the world’s dad, in the traditional sense. It sets the rules, and it enforces the rules. The Communist threat that Truman spoke to in the Truman Doctrine was couched in terms that impressed upon Congress that the issue facing a small Mediterranean country somehow affected the United States. In Truman’s words, â€Å"the very existence of the Greek state is today threatened by the terrorist activities of several thousand armed men, led by Communists, who defy the government’s authority at a number of points, particularly along the northern boundaries† (Truman 2). Central to the s elf image of the United States is the idea that other countries of the world seek their guidance and protection, which speaks to the paternalistic attitude the United States leads with in its foreign policy.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Truman speaks to the legitimizing effect that Americans have on the political processes that take place in other countries when he points to the â€Å"692 Americans [who] considered this election to be a fair expression of the views of the Greek people† (Truman 3). Certainly, the United States does not recognize its own domineering nature, and thus feels no need to correct it. Rather, the United States tends to justify its actions as necessary, Truman details, because â€Å"the free peoples of the world look to us for support in maintaining their freedoms. If we falter in our leadership, we may endanger the peace of the world. And we shall sur ely endanger the welfare of this nation† (Truman 6). Foreign policy as national security, though self serving, appears to be genuinely rendered. In 1991 George W. Bush addressed the people of the United States from the Oval Office to announce and contextualize the commencement of military actions against Saddam Hussein following the invasion of Kuwait by Iraqi forces. In this speech, Bush exhibits a little more care than Truman to present the case for war as having been decided via consensus with other nations, and only after the exhaustion of all other avenues: This military action, taken in accord with United Nations resolutions and with the consent of the United States Congress, follows months of constant and virtually endless diplomatic activity on the part of the United Nations, the United States, and many, many other countries. Arab leaders sought what became known as an Arab solution, only to conclude that Saddam Hussein was unwilling to leave Kuwait†¦.Our Secretar y of State, James Baker, held a historic meeting in Geneva, only to be totally rebuffed (†¦290). Bush also carefully asserts that â€Å"our goal is not the conquest of Iraq. It is the liberation of Kuwait,† and reminds the American public that â€Å"this will not be another Vietnam† (Bush 292). Bush elucidates that Saddam’s actions forced the hand of the world. â€Å"The world could wait no longer. Sanctions, though having some effect, showed no signs of accomplishing their objective†¦While the world waited, Saddam Hussein systematically raped, pillaged and plundered a tiny nation, not threat to his own† (Bush 291). Bush also paints the United States as an equal member in this large team of concerned international interests, when he highlights that â€Å"twenty-eight nations – countries from five continents Europe and Asia, Africa, and the Arab League – have forces in the Gulf standing shoulder to shoulder against Saddam Husseinâ €  (Bush 292). The Bush speech also contains an interesting tactic. To address the issue of oil, widely understood to be the main reason why the United States became involved in the first place, Bush employs a sympathetic and highly credible source as his mouthpiece: the soldiers themselves:Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Imperialism or National Protection: What is the Definition of the United States of America? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Listen to Hollywood Huddleston, marine lance corporal. He says, â€Å"Let’s free these people, so we can go home and be free again.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Listen to one of our great officers out there, Marine Lieutenant General Walter Boomer. He said, â€Å"There are things worth fighting for. A world in which brutality and lawlessness are allowed to go unchecked isn’t the kind of world we’re going to want to live in.† Listen to Master Sergeant J.P. Kendall of the 82nd Airborne: â€Å"We’re here for more than the price of a gallon of gas. What we’re doing is going to chart the future of the world for the next 100 years (Bush 292). In the United States, imperialism and national protection essentially complement each other, and function as synergistic terms. The United States protects its own interests worldwide, as opposed to within its own borders. Foreign policy is national security, and vice versa. The right of free nations to govern themselves remains conditional upon United States’ approval. Works Cited Bush, George. â€Å"Address to the Nation Announcing Allied Military Action in the Persian Gulf.† America Through the Eyes of Its People, Vol. 2. 3rd ed. Boston: Pearson Longman, 2006. 290-293. Print. Truman, Harry S. â€Å"The Truman Doctrine.† America Through the Eyes of Its People, Vol. 2. 3rd ed. Boston: Pearson Longman, 2006. 1-6. Print. 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Importance of Communication and Personal Participation in an Organization Essays

Importance of Communication and Personal Participation in an Organization Essays Importance of Communication and Personal Participation in an Organization Essay Importance of Communication and Personal Participation in an Organization Essay During my time working as a Sprint PCS telesales superviser, I believed that the concepts of communication, as well as, personal participation, were the most critical components of any relationship and also equally the most difficult tasks facing any staff leaders or people in positions of authority. While I have rarely considered communications in the terms described by what we have learned in class this semester, I have definetly pondered the challenges and processes through which communication is expressed throughout professional organizations. In the business setting, I was most comfortable communicating individually with my employees, as well as, various customers and citizens who were interested in our companies services. I believe that my personality, interpersonal skills, educational training, and personal life experiences have enabled me to effectively communicate with people in meaningful ways. In class we learned that during oral communication situations the exchange of information between the sender and receiver is immediate, personal, and both parties have the advantage of interpreting non-verbal cues and clarifying verbal exchanges. One-on-one communication also provides the unique opportunity to build a meaningful relationship between the sender and receiver because of its personal nature. I am convinced that the foundation of any beneficial relationship is trust; and, trust is the result of effective communication. I was always told that trust is an investment that you have to be willing to make in others and that others are willing to make in me. It is fair to say that this form of communication enabled me to perform my duties accuretly and be a successful leader and supervisor.

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

History - Essay Example The escapes sometimes worked, the revolts were always squashed with the slaves being put to death. Slavery in the Antebellum South fell into different categories, but two major categories. These categories were field hands or house workers. Field hands had to work in the fields from sunup to sundown. If they tried to escape, the slaves were whipped, maimed, or even killed. Field workers could physically break tools or work slow to resist the system. Psychologically field workers could dream of another life, bond with fellow slaves, and have personal dignity that went beyond being a slave. House workers did not have to do the strong manual labor, but were required to work just as hard. Black children would be put in charge of white children. Black mothers would have their babies taken away to nurse white children. The families would have slaves do all the cooking, cleaning, and other household chores. House slaves could be punished with the physical punishments as well. House slaves w ould physically resist by breaking things, spitting in food, and being slow. They could also escape and write passes from the masters to visit or escape. Psychologically they would learn to read, create new traditions, and remain dignified. Life was hard for both types of slaves. Bibliography Berlin, Ira, Marc Favreau, and Steven F. Miller. Eds.

Food too Expensive for Students Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Food too Expensive for Students - Essay Example For most students, having high food expenditure is usually a much bigger problem as they always take care of other minor expenses acquired in normal life from the little money obtained from parents. Students do not usually work or rather cannot find the much-needed free time to assume part time jobs. They are habitually immersed in academic work or rather they are not willing to do any other extra activities. However, they are left with many expenses and little money to take care of the expenses. The canteens and school cafeterias usually overcharge for their services due to a misguiding notion that students have little expenses and that they have a lot to spend. In most schools around the world, a particular commodity has a higher price in a school canteen than in a normal shop outside a learning institution. Cafeterias and canteens are not in most cases considered part of the school system, but as a way of making maximum profits by exploiting students. However, students may find the food prices at school cafeterias expensive due to the poor family status where the parent to these students are jobless or the available work pay peanuts. In some cases, parents may have an ailment such as cancer and the student may at times be required to take care of the entire family expenses. For single parents who can barely meet their daily expenses, they are over bundled with the task of taking their children through school. These students are usually in hardship taking care of the food e xpenses and even taking part time jobs is not enough to end entirely the student’s hardships. The students receive a little amount of money especially if the parents are not well of, or if they feel that they are spending too much on their child’s education. The fees may at times be too much as compared to the parents’ income. Since students to commute to school, they usually require money to take care of transport means. With the higher food prices, it is a key problem especially for the poor planners and spendthrifts who find themselves with so many expenses and little to spend. Some students may forego meals to reduce the daily expenses, which food is the main contributor. This has led to poor nutrition of students, which further reduces their performance, as food is very important for the proper working of the brain. The body requires energy that is essential for proper functioning of the body metabolic processes that greatly influence the proper execution o f activities or tasks. The cheap foods in the school environments are usually the junk foods. They are the leading cause of such a crisis as obesity. They may also lead to other disease such as high blood pressure. Most students opt to purchase what is less expensive as the food choice is greatly influenced by the economic factor that is the cost of food. This has led to poor nutrition to most students leading to ailments associated to the poor diet due to the reduced immunity associated with the lack of certain essential nutrients. The high cost the food has been greatly associated with the high cost of living, the rising trend of the fuel prices, poor state of food security and other international issues. However, the school administration working together with the government should come up with strategies to reduce the cost of food to the students to reduce the hardship to the students and to

Action report 4 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Action report 4 - Article Example The most affected are the young workers looking for the first opportunity to have a job as they have no experience. Also, the increase in the minimum wage reduces the freedom of the American citizens in spending. This is because there will be increase in the price of services and products in the economy (Schmitt, 18). Also according to the article, â€Å"Why Does the Minimum Wage Have No Discernible Effect on Employment,† research has evidently shown that minimum wage has no discernible effect on the employment practice of the low-wage earners. This is because the cost of the minimum wage in most firms is relatively small and that employers have many channels of adjustments. One channel of adjustment is that employers may reduce their expenditures on job training for low wage workers. Employers may also adjust by upgrading the skill level of their workforce and work against the employment of the less-experienced and less-educated workers. Employers in a highly competitive economy may also respond to a high minimum wage by passing the added cost to the consumers in form of high prices (Schmitt, 16). In conclusion, employers can cut pay to more highly paid workers, shift the composition towards higher skilled workers and accept a smaller profit margin as minimum wage has no discernible effect on employment. As for the workers, they may respond to the higher wage by working harder on the job and reducing labor turnover which enables the employers to save on

The Period Of Chattel Slavery In The Caribbean History Essay

The Period Of Chattel Slavery In The Caribbean History Essay The Caribbean during the 18th century was categorized mainly as an agriculture based region with numerous plantations. These plantation main outputs were sugar, a commodity highly demanded in Europe earning high profits for plantation owners. However, to create such vast quantities of sugar required human labour, resulting in the development of the chattel slavery system. This slavery system comprised mainly of Africans whose characteristics were suitable for the tropical climates. Enslavement was a dictatorship system where the enslavers had absolute power, like a puppet master pulling all the strings, hence, rendering the enslaved powerless, however, the enslaved reacted waging a protracted war cutting the strings of the enslavers in a fight for their freedom. Chattel slavery refers to A system of slavery whereby an individual and their offsprings are recognized by the law as being the property of another person for life1. Enslaved could be bought, sold and branded just as a piece of furniture, and these inhuman conditions enraged the enslaved resulting in resistance. This is further supported by Hilary Beckles et al who stipulated This record of resistance illustrates that there was hardly a generation of enslaved males or females in the Caribbean who did not take their anti-slavery actions. Entrapment, is against human nature, and thus, enslaved resisted from the start in a long or protracted war. Many slave revolts and plots in these territories between 1638 and 1838 could be conceived of as 200 years war one protracted struggle launched by Africans and their Afro-West Indian progeny against slave owners stated Hilary Beckles. The Enslaved worked under harsh conditions from sun up to sun down, with little rest and exposure to diseases, under strict control from supervisor who demanded productivity. The world of the enslaved therefore, was a constant battle between oppression of master control and the desire for freedom. Slave society refers to the whole community based on slavery, including masters and freedmen as well as slaves stipulated Brian L. Moore. The Societal structure was a hierarchy, white masters at the top socially and politically, the coloured in the middle and the enslaved forming the foundation at the bottom. Around 1832 there were approximately 50,000 whites and 100 000 freedmen in the British Caribbean but only 32 000 slave owners suggested B.W Higman. Freedmen owned slaves; however, it was not in any high concentration when compared to the whites. Although, representing the minority whites control the politics and the majority of wealth maintaining absolute power. The whites were highly educated when compared to the freedmen who had basic education, leaving majority of the slaves uneducated. This is supported by B.W Higman, who noted this strong contrast reflected differences in the education of free males and females, but its also indicated differences in wealth. Whites were the maters operating the plantations, while freedmen were either freed coloured or freed blacks who earned their freedom and tried to invent their own identity. These combined features and characteristics of each class created an arrangement of diverse practices and behavior that illustrated the properties of a slave society. For any society to function adequately there must be system of control and the slave society was no exemption. Christopher Humber et al stated System of slave control embodied physical, social, psychological, economic and legal factors. The enslaved were economical exploited by enslavers, as they were forced to labour in plantation through physical violence denying them personal freedom. The whip was a stimulus to labour and a constant form of punishment and for fear of the hundreds of lashes kept in line and did basically as they were told 2. Slaves lived on the plantation in small dirt huts, and enslavers positioned their mansions at the top overseeing their enslaved community and society practices, emphasizing enslaved social inferiority. Food and clothes were controlled by the enslavers, as they decided what and when enslaved should eat and also how they should dress. Slaves were not allowed to be educated; ignorance was a powerful means of control3. Denying basic social functio n such as education signified enslaved inferiority. The Enslaved religions practices, such as their drumming, music and dance were not allowed and even punishable by death. The enslavers religions were forced upon them as a form of control, and Christopher Humber et al noted Enslaved were only allowed to sit at the back of the Anglican/ Catholic churches. The enslaved were seen as inferior to the whites and the whites argued that Africans were barbaric and uncivilized. Enslavers tried to oppress and crush the spirits of the enslaved through psychological ideas of race and colour. Economic structure of society in terms of property, earnings (Money) and time were control buy the enslavers. Slaves could not legally posses property or legally make contracts, could not be paid for nay work that they did, could not own animals and could not own land4. These economic and legal restrictions crippled the enslaved freedom of movements. The different control systems implemented enforced ensla vement and entrapment, however, the enslaved resistance continued to punctuate the society. The period of slavery was characterized primarily by one protracted war launched by those enslaved against their enslavers, suggested Hilary Beckles. From the commencement of slavery, the enslaved pursed their freedom through different forms of resistance and these resistance activities were illustrated in the Caribbean. Enslaved resistance comprised of day-to-day resistance, plots and revolts and rebellion including marronage. Sheperd V. noted The several stages in the development of Caribbean anti-slavery activities in the period up to 1834: 1500-1750, 1750-1807, and 1807 up toe end of slavery. During the period 1500-1750, the society was dominantly enslaved Africans and plantation construction was now developing. The main form of resistance used during this period was marronage, which Barbara Lalla stipulated as The process of flight by slaves from servitude to establish their own hegemonies or wild territories. Maroons, also known as, Runaways were able to establish small communi ties creating independence from the plantation social, economically, and legally. However, for successful maroon developments the island had to be mountainous, Sheperd V. noted Forested and mountainous interiors of colonies like Jamaica, Dominica and Guyana facilitated the maintenance of runaway slaves. In an island like Barbados, marronage had limited success due to the lowland. Maroons developed structure, in terms of farming for food and in situations earned money by selling produce, persons were able to practice their own religion freely without feeling inferior, Possibilities of ownership of items and most importantly they had freedom of choice. Maroons were able to formulate strategies of successful revolts and attacks on plantations, under the assertive leadership such as Price, lead to arrangements between the Europeans. According to Hilary Beckles What is clear is that maroon activities which were endemic over the entire period greatly undermined the colonizing efforts of t he Europeans and the economic life of the plantations. The sugar rush peaked during 1750-1807 creating a mature plantation society, increasing some aspects of Creole diversity and Sheperd V. stated during this period resistance assumed different forms such as day-to-day acts and negotiation for rights and also marronage increasing. Christopher Humber noted day-to-day resistance as the subtle methods used by the slaves to express rejection of slavery and further supported by Hilary Beckles, who noted day-to-day resistance were generally designed not to overthrow the slave system, but undermine its efficiency. A vital part of day-to-day resistance was enslaved women and the particular strategies they employed. Field womens adaption of the strategy of labour withdraw, interpreted as laziness by drivers and overseers, was considered a universal problem suggested Hilary Beckles. Low level or productivity was not tolerated, and the malingering attitude adapted by women was a great discouragement to the sugar industry. This was particularly eff ective at harvesting time when a few hours behind schedule could make a world of difference in the level of profits realized stated Christopher W. Humber. Women also resisted through children, because the birth of enslaved children meant that the child was automatically born a slave. Enslavers wanted to use birth control as a means of maintaining an enslaved labour force, however, enslaved women committed infanticide as Hilary Beckles noted acts of infanticide are frequently cited on plantations. Acts such as harming farm animals, making them unable to turn the mill were also done by enslaved women. The variations of resistance during this period focused on ending slavery by making the plantation system unprofitable as Hilary Beckles noted These acts of resistance were considered effective strategies and undermined greatly the efficiency of the plantation. The period 1807-1834 marked the ending of slavery, with first the abolition of the slave trade in 1807 and the continuous resistance from the remaining enslaved on the plantations. Hilary Beckles further noted 1807-1834 was marked by growing protest among the enslaved, particularly among creoles, linked also to the impact of growing anti-slavery discussions in the metro pole. Creoles also called country-borns undeniable had a hand in the overcoming of slavery and bringing emancipation. Creoles resisted politically, seeking to earn rights for the enslaved through lobbying in the parliament and instigating the continuing unjust behaviors towards the enslaved. It was not Africans who organized, an attorney wrote, but creoles, which were never known before to have been concerned in anything of this sort5. In Britain the profitability of the plantation system was in decline and so was the slave system on a whole. The funds from New world slavery had significantly contributed toe he primit ive accumulation of capital that enable the industrial revolution in Britain6. With Britain moving towards more profitable investments, slavery resistance in the parliaments increased leading to the passing of acts, such as, the emancipation act of 1833. Armed revolts and rebellions were the most violent, and dramatic forms of resistance that the enslaved used against their enslavers. Armed revolts were usually, bloody and many enslaved died, as Hilary Beckles noted The enslaved were conscious of the military might of their enslavers and knew it would be suicidal to always engage them in armed conflicts. The large scale slave rebellion under the leadership of Toussaint L. Ouverture end slavery in Saint Domingue, marking Haiti as the first free black republic in the Caribbean. After news of slave efforts leading to freedom in Haiti spread throughout the Caribbean, the enslaved consciousness was no longer an issue and widespread rebellion transpired all over the Caribbean. Some such r evolts as noted by Hilary Beckles are 1816 revolt in Barbados, 1823 in Damara (Guyana) and 1831/32 Christmas rebellion in Jamaica. The enslavers methods of control were failing and emancipation was no inevitable. Eric William noted in 1833 stating The alternative were clear emancipation form above or emancipation from below'. The rewards and benefits of the different forms of resistance were realized on the 1st of august 1834 marking the end of slavery. Since the existence of slavery for thousands of years, one aspect has persisted, that is, the resistance of the enslaved towards their enslavers and thus the period of chattel slavery in the Caribbean is no different. From the arrival in the Caribbean the enslaved develop anti-slavery attitudes, despite being at the bottom of the societal structure. To counteract this anti-slavery attitude control procedures were develop and implemented, however, resistance acts such as marronage, and day-to-day resistance eventually escalating to large scale revolts threaten and ultimately ended chattel slavery. From the commencement to the termination of chattel slavery, the enslaved have plagued their enslavers in a fight for freedom and such an endemic resistance could only be seen and best described as a protracted war for freedom. Notes National Glossary of the U.K National Archives Based on Caribbean History access through link : http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/caribbeanhistory/popups/glossary.htm See The Spanish instituted the Siete Partidas, the French had the Code Noir access through link : http://www.novapdf.com See Slavery, Freedom and Gender: The Dynamics of Caribbean Society page 137 See The Spanish instituted the Siete Partidas, the French had the Code Noir access through link : http://www.novapdf.com See Africa in America: slave acculturation and resistance in the American South and the British Caribbean, 1736-1831 Page 221 See Capitalism and Slavery by Eric Williams Page 68 Works Cited Beckles, H. Natural Rebels: A Social History of Enslaved Black Women in Barbados. London: Zed, 1989. Print. Bryan, Patrick. Campbell Carl. Higman B. W. Moore Brian L. Slavery, Freedom and Gender: The Dynamics of Caribbean Society. United States: U OF OKLAHOMA PR, 2002. Print. Higman B.W. Slavery Populations of the British Caribbean, 1807-1834. Kingston Jamaica: The Press, University of the West Indies, 1995. Print. Humber Christopher. Caribbean History Section B: Resistance Revolt. Teach Dip (Mico): 2006. Print. Lalla Barbara. Defining Jamaican Fiction: marronage and the discourse of survival. University of Alabama Press, 1996. Print. Sheperd V. Beckles, H. Caribbean anti-slavery: the self liberation ethos of enslaved blacks. In Caribbean Slavery in the Atlantic World: Student Reader. London Kingston: Ian Publishers Ltd., 2000. Print. Williams Eric. Capitalism and Slavery. The University of North Carolina Press, 1944. Print.

Girls who Cried Witch in The Crucible Essay -- Arthur Miller

In â€Å"The Crucible†, the author, Arthur Miller, conveys what he believes Senator Joe McCarthy is doing during the Red Scare. The Salem Witch Trials were true events, while this play uses these trials and adds a fictional twist to show a point. Witchcraft was punishable by death during this time. Once names started flying in town it was like a chain reaction, people were accusing others of witchcraft because they were not fond of them or they had something they wanted. Some definitions state mass hysteria as contagious, the characters in this play deemed it true. In this play, innocent people were hung because some of the girls in town cried witch. To start from the beginning, Abby, Tituba, and the girls were out in the forest one night, dancing, and were caught by Reverend Paris. Abby blamed Tituba for calling the Devil. Tituba then said it was not her, for there are many witches in the community. Tituba named some of the town’s women as witches. From here, Abby got the idea to accuse Elizabeth of being involved in witchcraft. In addition, the chain reaction of mass hysteri...

Over 50% of the world lives in poverty, isn’t this devastating?

There are many meanings to the word â€Å"poverty.† Many of us relate it to the thought of homeless people living on streets or to people living in harsh conditions without money of food. We all have our own opinions, but what really is poverty? Is it what the majority of us think of? Or is it just simply the state of being poor? The word â€Å"poverty† has many meanings and definitions. Many believe that this word can mean â€Å"not having an education† or â€Å"living in the state of hunger† or â€Å"abuse† or living without shelter, or even just being â€Å"lonely.† Some of the reasons for someone to be living in the state of poverty could link to â€Å"war† â€Å"famine† or even because â€Å"parents or members of family have passed away.† Statistics clearly prove that â€Å"one out of 120 people have had to leave their homes due to war† Isn't this appalling? Poverty can be seen, and also not seen. For example, in some parts of the world you can clearly see people suffering in poverty, some people may be homeless; some might even be suffering from illness that can not be cured due to lack of money. However, some types of poverty can not be seen. For example, pensioners like Mrs Pankania have to make a decisions between buying enough to eat to being warm in the winter. This is because some pensioners have a low pension and can't enjoy luxuries like us. How would you feel if you had to make a decision between warmth and food? What can you do to Help? As you are probably aware, living in the state of poverty would probably be very harsh. Here are some tips for you to try and help these unfortunate people and make their lives a better place. Uzairs Top Tips 1.) If you are walking down the street, with a handful of unwanted change, and you know the your not really going to take care of it keep it until you come across a charity box. 2.) Make your own charity box. Find an old jar that's NOT being used and write in bold words- CHARITY! Tell your friends and family to put old change into to it and you shall slowly notice that the amount in the jar show slowly increase. 3.) As said in tip 2, make a charity box, but this time give one to a brother or sister and have a race to see who can fill their charity box the quickest. â€Å"Hopefully these tips will help those in poverty- and make their lives a better place†

Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders essays

Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders essays Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders Fairburn et al. argue that an extreme need to control eating is a central feature of Anorexia nervosa, and that in Western societies a tendency to judge self worth in terms of shape and weight is superimposed on this need for self control, (1999). The DSM IV diagnostic criteria for AN includes the refusal or inability to maintain body weight over a minimum normal weight for age and height, e.g. weight loss leading to maintenance of body weight 15 percent below that expected. Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat even though underweight is also a characteristic seen in AN patients. The DSM IV also states that in females, absence of at least three consecutive menstrual cycles when otherwise expected to occur is a diagnostic criteria as well. Use of cognitive behavioral therapy is often the most productive, (Hoffman, 1993). Cognitive behavior therapists focus on changing eating behaviors usually by rewarding or modeling wanted behavior. These therapists also help patients work to change the distorted and rigid thinking patterns associated with eating disorders, (Hoffman, 1993). The American Institute for Cognitive Therapy believes that by combining cognitive, behavioral, and nutritional interventions, many people with eating disorders may be helped significantly in gaining greater control over eating and in reducing their depression and anxiety. Kleifield et al. propose that the rationale for treatments are based on two primary assumptions about the anorectic condition: a) that An develops as a way of coping with life stresses, and b) AN develops into a self- sustaining food phobia. CBT techniques are therefore aimed at confronting the patients fears and avoidance behaviors, identifying the patients areas of deficient problem solving skills, particularly in the interpersonal realm, and cultivating ...

Essential nutrient Essay Example

Essential nutrient Essay Example Essential nutrient Paper Essential nutrient Paper Nutrition plays a very important role in maintaining an overall healthy lifestyle and is especially important for young children. Many diseases can be reduced by looking at the nutrition label. For instance, one of the most common diseases among us today is diabetes which can be prevented by monitoring the amount of sugar intake. â€Å"A balanced diet can provide us with all the essential nutrients and minerals in order for growth and normal wear and tear on the body. † If I had to describe my eating habits, I would say I maintain a healthy balance. I eat three main meals a day consisting of breakfast, lunch and dinner along with a couple snacks throughout the day. I always look at the labels and determine which foods aren’t healthy. Also I watch my portion size as well. For beverages, I try to drink as much water as possible and I do not drink any soda or sugary drinks. However, I do drink tea and coffee in the morning. In general, I would say I maintain a well-balanced diet. After reviewing my Food Groups and Calories Report, I have determined I do not receive all the essential nutrients and vitamins I need on a daily basis. Even though I thought I maintained a healthy balance according the report I am not. For the following food groups; grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy, protein foods, and oils I am under in every category except one in ounces. For example, the target amount of grains that is needed is 6 ounces while, I am only consuming 5 ounces. Therefore, I am under the targeted amount. Also I learned I lack a lot of fruits, vegetables, and dairy in my diet. I often don’t like a lot of vegetables, fruits, and dairy products. For the following food groups; grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy, protein foods, and oils I was under the targeted amount of serving for almost everything except protein foods. In the grains category the targeted amount is 6 ounces while I only consumed 5 ounces. In the vegetables, fruits, oils and dairy categories I didn’t reach any of the targeted amounts. Although I did reach the targeted amount of protein foods which I consumed 11 ounces when the targeted amount is only 5 ounces. Based on my report, I will be modifying my diet in order to reach the essential nutrients and minerals. The steps I will take in order to modify my diet is to keep using the SuperTracker. This tool shows me the food group amount I need on a daily basis and how much I have already consumed. For starters, the first foods I am going to start incorporating into my diet that are full of nutrients are fruits and vegetables. Which would include; green beans, carrots, and raw fruit. Each nutrient plays a very important role in maintain a healthy lifestyle. There are six essential nutrients that we need on a daily basis which are; carbohydrates, lipids, protein, water, vitamins and minerals. According to my nutrients report, I am getting most of the six essential nutrients. One of the nutrients that I am taking a lot in of is proteins; this nutrient provides structure of the bones and teeth. Since I am getting most of the nutrients I am able to stay alive, grow, and reproduce. There are tons of benefits of getting all the essential nutrients needed in our diet. By changing my diet I will have more energy and maintain a healthy weight. Also by changing my diet I am ensuring that my body will maintain structure, maintain and repair the body as well as be able to reproduce. In conclusion, nutrients are a very important part of living a healthy lifestyle. Before this week, I was not aware of how much my diet lacks in the essential nutrients needed to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, I need to change my eating habits. By using the SuperTracker I was able to identify which nutrients I was getting enough of and the ones I was not getting enough of. Furthermore, by continuing to use this I will be able to monitor my food intake more closely and reach my goal of maintaining a healthier lifestyle. References According to Buzzle (2012), â€Å"A balanced diet can provide us with all the essential nutrients and minerals in order for growth and normal wear and tear on the body. † (para. 1). supertracker. (n. d. ). Retrieved from https://www. supertracker. usda. gov/Foodgroupcaloriereport. aspx supertracker. (n. d. ). Retrieved from https://www. supertracker. usda. gov/myplan. aspx

Survey for neighborhood housing service (NHS) Essay

Survey for neighborhood housing service (NHS) - Essay Example Surveys were collected randomly from the North Bronx community specifically the 2 Train Stops at Gun Hill Road and White Plains Road, 219th Street and White Plains Road and 225th Street and White Plains Road. The data from the surveys were then entered into the website surveymonkey.com which enabled us to create a web-based survey and provide analysis for the results. Although the majority of the surveys were completed at the Gun hill location, the survey covered the entire North Bronx area according to the zip codes listed. For each observation we compared and contrasted and of course made conclusions and recommendations about their relationship with the help of surveymonkey.com. This method and process described took place after taking surveys at the North Bronx community for neighborhood housing services (NHS). Focus group discussions can often enrich findings obtained from surveys as for example in a study of parents of 2000 high school students (Bers, 2002). However, they are very time consuming and difficult and only necessary in any case if more detailed insight is required of particular findings. Moreover, they also pose a challenge to the rigour of qualitative research (Twinn, 2000). Therefore, it was considered sufficient to conduct a simple qualitative survey to quickly obtain results. Surveys have the advantage of being inexpensive, can be used to generalize about the wider population, can be administered locally as well as remotely, and the standardized questions enable precise data collection amongst other benefits (CSU, 2009). Though weak on validity they are strong in terms of reliability. As for the types of questions, although most were closed-ended to facilitate analysis of standardized responses, a few open-ended questions were also made use of at the end of the questionnaire in order to solicit details of two things i.e. their greatest concern in the community and anything extra they would like to share. So this allowed them the

United States v. Jones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

United States v. Jones - Essay Example In the making of court decisions involving the fourth amendment of the Bill of Rights, three critical aspects are considered. The aspects include the kind of activities considered by the government to constitute searches and seizures, the probable cause constituted by the actions in the government activities, and the appropriate mechanisms of addressing the violations of the fourth amendments (Wetterer 94). In the case between the state and Jones, it is in order to put clear some facts to understand the unfolding of events in the court decision and reasons for such decisions. First, Jones, who is the respondent in the case, is the owner and operator of a nightclub come under suspicion that he could be dealing in drug trafficking. Based on the above occurrence, police after conducting their investigations sort for a warrant from the Federal District Court, which the courts granted for to use of a GPS tracking device on the Jeep registered to Jones’ wife, which, however, driven exclusively by Jones (McDonald and Means 112). However, the officers failed to beat the ten-day deadline issued and instead put the GPS tracking device on the car to track on the car’s movement on the eleventh day while in Maryland, outside of DC, which the permit granted. With the help of satellite, the GPS device was in a position to monitor the car’s movement for twenty-eight day, sending i ts data to a government-monitored computer and producing data comprising of over 2,000 pages over the same period (McDonald and Means 62). From the findings, Jones was charged for conspiracy of cocaine distribution by the government. Concerning the evidence presented to the court by the state, the judges suppressed the data obtained from the GPS while the car was parked in Jones garage while holding the remaining data based on the aspect that Jones had no expectation of privacy whenever the car was in a public place at the pre-trial hearing of the case (Arcila 88).

Global Warming's Terrifying new Math By Bill McKibben Essay

Global Warming's Terrifying new Math By Bill McKibben - Essay Example Global warming has caused significant changes in climate patterns as it cause the earth’s temperature to rise above the normal, which is detrimental to the ecosystem. Humans are solely responsible for global warming as they engage in activities such as combustion of fossil fuels, and this emits carbon, which cause global warming (McKibben). Efforts to curb global warming have failed, and this is because industrialization has resulted to use of carbon dioxide and the emissions have continued to increase over time. The situation has been made worse because developing countries are trying to emulate the west by becoming industrialized, and this further increases the emissions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. To reduce the carbon print, many countries have come up with policies that aim at reducing emission of carbon dioxide but the efforts have failed. Petroleum companies have been blamed for the big emissions of carbon dioxide they cause as the industry is profitable and imp osing regulations on them would reduce the incomes of countries. To protect the ecosystem from the adverse effects of global warming people all over the world and political leaders and environmentalists need to collaborate and advocate for people to reduce their carbon print so that the environment remains sustainable for future

A metaphor is a literary Essay Example for Free

A metaphor is a literary Essay A metaphor is a literary device that is used by writers as a descriptive alternative to the use of adjectives, similes or other methods to describe the nature of the object described. Metaphors describe an item as if it were another item, drawing parallels between the subject of the description and the object actually being described. (Sucham, 7) In writing about organizations, there is a standard set of metaphors typically engaged. As organizations are typically complex systems, the use of metaphor to describe their design and process is a common tool for elucidation of the subject. (Sucham, 8) Commonly, the metaphor applied to organizations is that of the living organism. (Sucham, 8) It is possible to draw parallels between many of the elements of a living being and those of an organization, such as a large business. (Sucham, 9) The central component of any complex organism is the brain. (Levine, 244) The brain is responsible for receiving the environmental and internal input from the organism and its surroundings, formulating functional explanations for the phenomena, plotting a course of action, and conveying the instructions to the other parts of the organism to execute. (Levine, 245) In a large organization, the brain is represented by the company’s president and/or board of directors. (Levine, 245) Like the brain of the organism, this element of the organization receives and interprets information, formulates plans, and issues directives throughout the organization. (Levine, 246) As in an organism, any damage or defect in the brain will severely damage the functionality of the organization. (Levine, 246) As blood is the essential element of the circulatory system, so is money essential to the organization. (Blunck, 422) Like blood, money must flow into and out of the various parts of the organization in order to ensure their health. (Blunck, 423) An interruption of blood flow can compromise organs in an organism; an interruption of capital can do the same for an organization. (Blunck, 423) As is the case with the organization, in most organisms, a disproportionate amount of blood is required to maintain the brain. (Blunck, 424) A marketing division of a company acts as the sensory input mechanism for an organization. (Blunck, 426) Like the eyes and other senses, market research gives the executive â€Å"brain† important information about its environment. (Blunck, 426) The marketing department can produce information about what elements in the organizational environment are, or could potentially cause harm to the organization. (Blunck, 427) Similarly, the senses offer the brain information about environmental threats or opportunities for advantage or growth. (Blunck, 427) Like the senses, the marketing department of an organization can be a key element in targeting important priorities for the organization. (Blunck, 427) In communicating these observations and findings to the brain/executive, marketing can give useful information as to the course of action most beneficial for the organization or company. (Blunck, 428) Human resources and training departments can serve an organization in a manner similar to how the digestive system serves an organism. (Blunck, 429) Like the digestive system, HR takes material from outside the organization and brings it to the inside of the organization. The department is vital in ensuring that those items taken into the organization will help build it to be strong and healthy. (Blunck, 430) The HR system also expels waste and armful elements from the organizational body by terminating the employment of unusable or toxic personnel. (Blunck, 430) Training is another component of the HR digestive track. Training takes the raw components taken in by HR and shapes them into products that can be of immediate and direct use to the organizational organisms. In organizations, as in organisms, a great deal of conversion is necessary to turn the â€Å"food† of the organism into the nutritional components that contribute to the growth and health of the organization. (Blunck, 430) The Information Technology department of any organization acts as the central nervous system. A complicated and often delicate structure, IT is vital in the area of communication within the organization. (Blunck, 431) As in an organism, IT or nerve failure can result in negative consequences that can be as trivial as minor discomfort in a small area, or as massive as corporate paralysis. The decision-makers in an organization rely upon the information conducted to it by the IT nervous system, and are unlikely to act in the absence of information. (Blunck, 431) If they choose to do so, the results are often catastrophic. A breakdown of the nervous system can similarly cause the components of an organism to behave in a destructive or non-productive manner. (Blunck, 431) Nerve damage can result not only in paralysis, but also in flailing, intermittent shutdowns, and other destructive activities to the organism. As a metaphor for a large organization, the living organism is useful and apt. Certainly, as with any literary device, it is possible to abuse the metaphor to the extent that it no longer applies, but in the case of the organization, the interaction of the components and parts is sufficiently complex to be described as an organism. (Sucham, 12) Successful organizations, like healthy organisms, rely upon a delicate balance and good performance of several elements, each of these vital to the â€Å"health† of the overall construct. Work Cited Blunck, P. (1994) â€Å"From a Rational Structure to a Socio-Technical System: A Whole-Mind Metaphor for Organizational Change†. A Review of General Semantics, Vol. 51, No. 4. Pg. 422-431. 1994 Levine, D. (1995) â€Å"The Organism Metaphor in Sociology† Social Research, Vol. 62, No. 2. pg. 244-271. 1995. Suchan, J. (1995) â€Å"The Influence of Organizational Metaphors on Writers Communication Roles and Stylistic Choices† The Journal of Business Communication, Vol. 32, No. 1. pg. 7- 13. 1995

Esthers Liberation in Sylvia Plaths Bell Jar :: Plath Bell Jar Essays

Esther's Liberation in The Bell Jar      Ã‚   On the surface The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath is a loosely based autobiographical account of a young woman's search for identity that is eventually found through mental breakdown. Because Esther Greenwood's aspirations are smothered by traditional female roles, she must find herself through purging her mind of these restraints.    Upon closer inspection, Esther plight is representative of her contemporaries and even of many women today who "over and over...(have) heard in voices of tradition and of Freudian sophistication that they could desire no greater destiny than to glory in their own femininity" (Friedan, 461). It is with this notion that Esther and others like her wrestled with: "if a woman had a problem in the 1950's and 1960's she knew that something must be wrong with her marriage, or with herself" (464). This was coined the "housewife's syndrome" by a Cleveland doctor who first noticed this trend among young housewives. But for those like Esther- young, single, and educated- the problem is that society does not readily give them any more career options other than wife/mother or secretary. Because of this, the Women's Liberation movement begins, but only after Esther and her peers become Liberated Women.    The road to liberation is bumpy and sparked with electroshock treatments for Esther and others like her. Therapy is prevalent, whether it is weekly trips to a psychologist or lengthy stays in a mental institution. The end result of the treatment for many is a feeling of independence. As one woman states,    "It helped me develop a sense of self-worth and come to the understanding that I wasn't a bad person or worthless. My experience in therapy helped me have a better image of myself and I even started to look better and dress in a more attractive way. In short, I had more confidence in myself" (Susan, 489).    For Esther, leaving therapy is like being born again (199). She is now truly a free woman, after all.    Before Esther is liberated, however, she denounces her oppressors, Buddy Willard and her mother. Both are representatives of the male controlled society: Mrs. Greenwood of stifling women's aspirations and keeping women in their traditional roles, and Buddy of sexual purity.

The fellowship of the ring :: essays research papers

The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, by J.R.R. Tolkien, is the first book in the fantasy-based trilogy of the Lord of the Rings. The book begins with Bilbo Baggins celebrating his one hundred and eleventh birthday. After his party, he then decides to leave everything behind and join a Fellowship, which has a task of destroying the ruling ring, which will give supreme power to whoever has possession of it. Just before he leaves, Gandalf asks Bilbo for this ring. Due to the power in which the ring possesses while it is in his possession, he does not want to give it up. The novel ends with the destruction of the Fellowship due to the power in which the ring contains. One of the prime facts of the Middle Earth is power. Power is not neutral, but is always evil. It gives wicked the chance to dominate. The good is corrupting and inescapable. This is shown repeatedly throughout the novel, from when Bilbo gives up the ring, to when Boromir tries to take the ring, and finally, t o seeing the control that the ring has over Frodo. One incident in the book, which corresponds with how power is evil, would be when Bilbo had to give up the Ring. The ring is very powerful. The power is so enticing that Bilbo is very weary to give up that ring. When Gandalf asks Bilbo if he wishes to give up the ring, Bilbo seems unsure saying yes and no. When it came to having to give it up he didn't like parting with it at all and didn't see why he should have to . Due to the power in which Bilbo feels that the ring had given him, he doesn't want to part with it. By no means does Bilbo want to use the power in an evil manner to dominate all. It is just the thought of power itself that causes this greed to come over him. Although Bilbo in general is a good character, the power of ring corrupts his ways, showing his thirst for power, which he deserves. Another incident, which portrays this corruption of goodness to evil, is when Boromir approaches Frodo and tries to take the ring f rom him. Boromir has authority, which is being heir to the throne of Gondor, but not the supreme power that he desires.

Toothpaste Research Proposal

DENTALCARE WHITENING TOOTH GEL RESEARCH PROPOSAL Table of contents: Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Five The Pre-launch research is an important tool to manage and understand the impact of the market environment and the various other factors that decide the future of the product.When a product is launched, a research or analysis is required regarding the product functionality so as to estimate the benefits from the product and its attraction towards the consumer class or end users. A Product launch may prove a failure without any appropriate research or Pre-Product analysis. The following proposal is based on the research methodology implemented during the research proposal of a Tooth Gel. The current discussion will involve the describing of the various features and qualities of the Whitening Tooth Gel and also how to introduce the software in the competitive Oral Care market.We will al so discuss ways and measures that are taken to assure that the product reaches to every individual and they are benefitted with the product’s usage thereby bringing profits and goodwill to the organization. To summarize, the aim of this research proposal is to understand the market policy and strategy upon introduction of a new product. FIVE YEAR PLAN This Five year plan has been created by the founders of DENTALCARE to ensure a constant funding towards growth and to inform the employees of the company’s current status and direction.DENTALCARE with their CEO Mark Scott and the Marketing Director Thomas Lube is a new organization with high potential of providing exceptionally good products to its consumers and to capture on a big market share in the coming 5 years. They plan to start it with by introducing the product to the classes and then gradually reaching to the masses. The marketing environment has been very receptive to the firm’s great quality Tooth Gel a nd observing that, the firm can increase the promotion, distribution and production of its product in the coming years.DENTALCARE was founded by its two partners, Mr Mark Scott and Mr Thomas Lube around a year ago. Since then, both of the entrepreneurs have been studying and closely following the Oral Care market to understand the business strategies being implemented currently. They have also been keeping a close observation on the consumer behaviour towards a product and its changing approach on when and why to switch over to a different brand. Over the last few months, they have been working together to discover the ultimate Tooth Gel which will comply to the consumer expectations in every term i. e. uality, pricing and overall satisfaction. At present, Mr Mark Scott handles the position of the Chief Executive officer (CEO) and handles all the operations including R and D and Manufacturing whereas Mr Thomas Lube is the Marketing Director handling the Pre Product Projection in the market and Customer experience. Together they have come up with a new Tooth Gel called Whitening Tooth Gel and are ready to launch it in the Toothpaste/Gel market. DENTALCARE’s Whitening Tooth Gel comprises of 100% pure natural ingredients to provide complete Oral satisfaction and is an All-in-One solution to all the Dental and Oral problems.Major functions of this Tooth Gel are to prevent cavities, remove plaque and stains, fight against oral germs, strengthen enamel and teeth, prevent tartar, and provide long lasting fresh breath and much more. Ingredients like clove oil and mint give a really nice after brush experience that lasts longer. Moreover, the makers of this tooth gel have advised that the regular usage of this gel will reduce down the tooth decay by 65% in all age groups. The company has a dream to capture a big chunk of Oral Care Market share by introducing the product to both the classes and the masses.They aim for the product to be affordable by every individ ual and based on this expectation, their management have created a Plan that highlights their expected growth and sales number for the next 5 years. They do plan to introduce further new products once they have the consumer attention focused to their product. Below is their expected first Year revenue for their product Whitening Tooth Gel: Year One Expected Inputs|   | |   | 1. Expected Year One Revenue |   | | Whitening Tooth Gel| Annual revenue | AUD 300,000| |   | Total year one (noninterest) revenue| AUD 300,000|   | 2. Credit Loss Provision probability| 2%| |   | 3. Annual Taxation Rate| 24%| |   | Expected Growth Rate for the first 5 years: 3-7% UNDERSTANDING ISSUES This Tooth Gel research is based on a series of methods for conducting research in the corporate world. The Tooth Gel and Toothpaste market is captivated by various brands and their own mission statements. Famous brands among the consumers like Colgate, Oral-B, etc have a captivating hold on market du e to their own market strategy. Therefore, majority of them are successful to qualify the requirements of the customers.Whitening Tooth Gel has a strong focus on its objectives with those of its trade partners in an appropriate manner to maintain a healthy relationship. The Organization understands that the good results are produced when the process is rightly followed. Whitening Tooth Gel has also developed its company’s ethics and principle that relate to their consumer class. These guidelines provide a great impact in meeting business targets and is committed to its values thereby upholding its highest standards in maintaining customer relations.Whitening Tooth Gel is a new product by DENTALCARE in the current market. Hence the concern is that will a new product be able to grow and capture a significant share in the Oral Care Market. With proven results from pre-launch analysis, will it be easy enough capture the market once the results are seen on a real time basis i. e. response from the consumers. The company may emphasise on marketing research and analysis as to understand the consumer viewpoint on their buying strategy and behaviour towards a new consumer product. VALIDATING THE PROPOSED RESEARCHThe first question that arises is that how will a consumer respond to a new brand of an existing commodity in the market? When it comes to the purchasing, consumers often have an organized approach in what and when to buy. The company must come up with an innovative and almost perfect idea to strategize the marketing research when there are quite a few brands available in the similar product category. A thorough understanding of the consumer buying power and strategy is essential before launching the product. Thus the first task is to divert the consumer attention towards the product by advertising and promotional campaigning.Simultaneous emphasis has to be given to the consumer’s interest, requirements and their expectations from the product. Her e we see the implication of the Market research theory. Once sparked, the interest can lead to the beginning of a new relationship between the consumer and the company which becomes product driven. Once the decision is made by the consumer, it becomes a big responsibility of the manufacturing and research unit of the organization on keep up to the consumer’s expectations and sustains the consistency in delivering the best.The product distribution should be as good as its promotion and the product should be readily available to every individual. Product awareness is within the hands of the marketing and research procedures and largely contributes in providing the products to the majority of the masses. The consumers are not tied up with any contract with a certain brand. They stick to it as long as the brand sticks to its commitment. It’s easier to create a consumer relationship compared to maintaining it in future. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DESIGNThis Methodology proced ure includes various sub categories such as phases, methods, technique task and tools. These sub-categories will highlight the following ways: * To introduce the new product in the existing market * To analyse and develop on the principles of methods and * To successfully validate it i. e. both scientifically and systematically. We followed Descriptive research process to analyse and understand the idea about the research proposal. The results however may vary depending upon a number of economical and ethical factors. The process helps a lot in enhancing the consumer feedback.Qualitative techniques can be performed on the selection of one brand over the other to obtain certain parameters which are of utmost importance in deciding for a Tooth Gel brand. Each key point can be utilized for further development of surveys. The research would most likely be a Brand equity research or Buyer behaviour research. Listed below are a few key questions to understand a consumer’s behaviour towards a newly launched product:. Questionnaire: 1) What Age group do you fall in? 2) Do you brush your teeth twice a day? 3) Are you branding conscious when it comes to buying? ) Why did you prefer Whitening Tooth Gel? 5) Are you satisfied with the product pricing when compared to the results produced? 6) Is there any room for improving the product thereby improving consumer experience? Listed below is the data of a few Blacktown residents who took part in the Sample survey by using Whitening Tooth Gel sample packs offered by DENTALCARE: Sample Frame: Residents of Blacktown NSW Sample Unit : Age Group 21-40 years Sample Size : 50 feedbacks Time Frame : 3-4 weeks Sampling Method: Random Survey. CONCLUSIONThe pre-launch analysis/research immensely contributed to understand the buying behaviour of consumer for their Toothpaste/Gel brands and also helped in understanding about the awareness among people on Oral health. Oral care is one of the most important factor in maintaining over all body health and people are very much aware about their product selection criteria. Different Toothpaste/Gel companies have a focus on the consumer class, their buying capability and their attitude towards preferring a Toothpaste/Gel brand over another and are working harder and smarter to attract more consumers by coming up with more improvements and innovation.The Pre Launch understanding of the Oral care market and the products available is the key result extracted from this research. This research has enabled the company to identify the key areas where the customer would focus when it comes to switching over to a new brand. This nature of customer shall help a lot for our Tooth Gel as Whitening Tooth Gel possesses all the qualities which customer want and is a perfect remedy for all kinds of dental issues. Simultaneously, Advertisements and Campaigning can be done in order to promote the product sales and inturn receiving better consumer experience.Since Dental awareness play s a vital role in overall fitness of human body, free dental check up camps and concessional services to elderly people can actually divert consumer attention towards a product that has already proven its worth on a real time experience. This will help in maintaining a healthy and long term relationship between an organization and the consumer class. References: 1) Australian Bureau of Statistics, viewed on 24th Nov 2012 : http://www. abs. gov. au/ 2) Toothpaste/ Gel, viewed on 24nd Nov 2012 http://www. herbalTooth Gel. et/ 3) Marketing Strategy Material, viewed on 24nd Nov 2012 http://futureobservatory. dyndns. org/2012. htm 4) QUCK MBA, viewed on 25th Nov 2012 http://www. quickmba. com/marketing/research/qdesign/ 5) StudyMode,viewedon2ndoct2012 http://www. studymode. com/essays/Tooth Gel-Marketing-Research-Proposal-800471. html? topic 6) Zeithaml, V. A. (1988): Consumer Perceptions of Pricing, Quality, and Value: Journal of Marketing, 52 (3) 7) Five Year Sample Marketing Plan refe rence from: www. iowacentral. edu/business/BCD/contests/MarketingPlan. doc