Global Warming's Terrifying new Math By Bill McKibben Essay

Global Warming's Terrifying new Math By Bill McKibben - Essay Example Global warming has caused significant changes in climate patterns as it cause the earth’s temperature to rise above the normal, which is detrimental to the ecosystem. Humans are solely responsible for global warming as they engage in activities such as combustion of fossil fuels, and this emits carbon, which cause global warming (McKibben). Efforts to curb global warming have failed, and this is because industrialization has resulted to use of carbon dioxide and the emissions have continued to increase over time. The situation has been made worse because developing countries are trying to emulate the west by becoming industrialized, and this further increases the emissions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. To reduce the carbon print, many countries have come up with policies that aim at reducing emission of carbon dioxide but the efforts have failed. Petroleum companies have been blamed for the big emissions of carbon dioxide they cause as the industry is profitable and imp osing regulations on them would reduce the incomes of countries. To protect the ecosystem from the adverse effects of global warming people all over the world and political leaders and environmentalists need to collaborate and advocate for people to reduce their carbon print so that the environment remains sustainable for future

A metaphor is a literary Essay Example for Free

A metaphor is a literary Essay A metaphor is a literary device that is used by writers as a descriptive alternative to the use of adjectives, similes or other methods to describe the nature of the object described. Metaphors describe an item as if it were another item, drawing parallels between the subject of the description and the object actually being described. (Sucham, 7) In writing about organizations, there is a standard set of metaphors typically engaged. As organizations are typically complex systems, the use of metaphor to describe their design and process is a common tool for elucidation of the subject. (Sucham, 8) Commonly, the metaphor applied to organizations is that of the living organism. (Sucham, 8) It is possible to draw parallels between many of the elements of a living being and those of an organization, such as a large business. (Sucham, 9) The central component of any complex organism is the brain. (Levine, 244) The brain is responsible for receiving the environmental and internal input from the organism and its surroundings, formulating functional explanations for the phenomena, plotting a course of action, and conveying the instructions to the other parts of the organism to execute. (Levine, 245) In a large organization, the brain is represented by the company’s president and/or board of directors. (Levine, 245) Like the brain of the organism, this element of the organization receives and interprets information, formulates plans, and issues directives throughout the organization. (Levine, 246) As in an organism, any damage or defect in the brain will severely damage the functionality of the organization. (Levine, 246) As blood is the essential element of the circulatory system, so is money essential to the organization. (Blunck, 422) Like blood, money must flow into and out of the various parts of the organization in order to ensure their health. (Blunck, 423) An interruption of blood flow can compromise organs in an organism; an interruption of capital can do the same for an organization. (Blunck, 423) As is the case with the organization, in most organisms, a disproportionate amount of blood is required to maintain the brain. (Blunck, 424) A marketing division of a company acts as the sensory input mechanism for an organization. (Blunck, 426) Like the eyes and other senses, market research gives the executive â€Å"brain† important information about its environment. (Blunck, 426) The marketing department can produce information about what elements in the organizational environment are, or could potentially cause harm to the organization. (Blunck, 427) Similarly, the senses offer the brain information about environmental threats or opportunities for advantage or growth. (Blunck, 427) Like the senses, the marketing department of an organization can be a key element in targeting important priorities for the organization. (Blunck, 427) In communicating these observations and findings to the brain/executive, marketing can give useful information as to the course of action most beneficial for the organization or company. (Blunck, 428) Human resources and training departments can serve an organization in a manner similar to how the digestive system serves an organism. (Blunck, 429) Like the digestive system, HR takes material from outside the organization and brings it to the inside of the organization. The department is vital in ensuring that those items taken into the organization will help build it to be strong and healthy. (Blunck, 430) The HR system also expels waste and armful elements from the organizational body by terminating the employment of unusable or toxic personnel. (Blunck, 430) Training is another component of the HR digestive track. Training takes the raw components taken in by HR and shapes them into products that can be of immediate and direct use to the organizational organisms. In organizations, as in organisms, a great deal of conversion is necessary to turn the â€Å"food† of the organism into the nutritional components that contribute to the growth and health of the organization. (Blunck, 430) The Information Technology department of any organization acts as the central nervous system. A complicated and often delicate structure, IT is vital in the area of communication within the organization. (Blunck, 431) As in an organism, IT or nerve failure can result in negative consequences that can be as trivial as minor discomfort in a small area, or as massive as corporate paralysis. The decision-makers in an organization rely upon the information conducted to it by the IT nervous system, and are unlikely to act in the absence of information. (Blunck, 431) If they choose to do so, the results are often catastrophic. A breakdown of the nervous system can similarly cause the components of an organism to behave in a destructive or non-productive manner. (Blunck, 431) Nerve damage can result not only in paralysis, but also in flailing, intermittent shutdowns, and other destructive activities to the organism. As a metaphor for a large organization, the living organism is useful and apt. Certainly, as with any literary device, it is possible to abuse the metaphor to the extent that it no longer applies, but in the case of the organization, the interaction of the components and parts is sufficiently complex to be described as an organism. (Sucham, 12) Successful organizations, like healthy organisms, rely upon a delicate balance and good performance of several elements, each of these vital to the â€Å"health† of the overall construct. Work Cited Blunck, P. (1994) â€Å"From a Rational Structure to a Socio-Technical System: A Whole-Mind Metaphor for Organizational Change†. A Review of General Semantics, Vol. 51, No. 4. Pg. 422-431. 1994 Levine, D. (1995) â€Å"The Organism Metaphor in Sociology† Social Research, Vol. 62, No. 2. pg. 244-271. 1995. Suchan, J. (1995) â€Å"The Influence of Organizational Metaphors on Writers Communication Roles and Stylistic Choices† The Journal of Business Communication, Vol. 32, No. 1. pg. 7- 13. 1995

Esthers Liberation in Sylvia Plaths Bell Jar :: Plath Bell Jar Essays

Esther's Liberation in The Bell Jar      Ã‚   On the surface The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath is a loosely based autobiographical account of a young woman's search for identity that is eventually found through mental breakdown. Because Esther Greenwood's aspirations are smothered by traditional female roles, she must find herself through purging her mind of these restraints.    Upon closer inspection, Esther plight is representative of her contemporaries and even of many women today who "over and over...(have) heard in voices of tradition and of Freudian sophistication that they could desire no greater destiny than to glory in their own femininity" (Friedan, 461). It is with this notion that Esther and others like her wrestled with: "if a woman had a problem in the 1950's and 1960's she knew that something must be wrong with her marriage, or with herself" (464). This was coined the "housewife's syndrome" by a Cleveland doctor who first noticed this trend among young housewives. But for those like Esther- young, single, and educated- the problem is that society does not readily give them any more career options other than wife/mother or secretary. Because of this, the Women's Liberation movement begins, but only after Esther and her peers become Liberated Women.    The road to liberation is bumpy and sparked with electroshock treatments for Esther and others like her. Therapy is prevalent, whether it is weekly trips to a psychologist or lengthy stays in a mental institution. The end result of the treatment for many is a feeling of independence. As one woman states,    "It helped me develop a sense of self-worth and come to the understanding that I wasn't a bad person or worthless. My experience in therapy helped me have a better image of myself and I even started to look better and dress in a more attractive way. In short, I had more confidence in myself" (Susan, 489).    For Esther, leaving therapy is like being born again (199). She is now truly a free woman, after all.    Before Esther is liberated, however, she denounces her oppressors, Buddy Willard and her mother. Both are representatives of the male controlled society: Mrs. Greenwood of stifling women's aspirations and keeping women in their traditional roles, and Buddy of sexual purity.

The fellowship of the ring :: essays research papers

The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, by J.R.R. Tolkien, is the first book in the fantasy-based trilogy of the Lord of the Rings. The book begins with Bilbo Baggins celebrating his one hundred and eleventh birthday. After his party, he then decides to leave everything behind and join a Fellowship, which has a task of destroying the ruling ring, which will give supreme power to whoever has possession of it. Just before he leaves, Gandalf asks Bilbo for this ring. Due to the power in which the ring possesses while it is in his possession, he does not want to give it up. The novel ends with the destruction of the Fellowship due to the power in which the ring contains. One of the prime facts of the Middle Earth is power. Power is not neutral, but is always evil. It gives wicked the chance to dominate. The good is corrupting and inescapable. This is shown repeatedly throughout the novel, from when Bilbo gives up the ring, to when Boromir tries to take the ring, and finally, t o seeing the control that the ring has over Frodo. One incident in the book, which corresponds with how power is evil, would be when Bilbo had to give up the Ring. The ring is very powerful. The power is so enticing that Bilbo is very weary to give up that ring. When Gandalf asks Bilbo if he wishes to give up the ring, Bilbo seems unsure saying yes and no. When it came to having to give it up he didn't like parting with it at all and didn't see why he should have to . Due to the power in which Bilbo feels that the ring had given him, he doesn't want to part with it. By no means does Bilbo want to use the power in an evil manner to dominate all. It is just the thought of power itself that causes this greed to come over him. Although Bilbo in general is a good character, the power of ring corrupts his ways, showing his thirst for power, which he deserves. Another incident, which portrays this corruption of goodness to evil, is when Boromir approaches Frodo and tries to take the ring f rom him. Boromir has authority, which is being heir to the throne of Gondor, but not the supreme power that he desires.

Toothpaste Research Proposal

DENTALCARE WHITENING TOOTH GEL RESEARCH PROPOSAL Table of contents: Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Five The Pre-launch research is an important tool to manage and understand the impact of the market environment and the various other factors that decide the future of the product.When a product is launched, a research or analysis is required regarding the product functionality so as to estimate the benefits from the product and its attraction towards the consumer class or end users. A Product launch may prove a failure without any appropriate research or Pre-Product analysis. The following proposal is based on the research methodology implemented during the research proposal of a Tooth Gel. The current discussion will involve the describing of the various features and qualities of the Whitening Tooth Gel and also how to introduce the software in the competitive Oral Care market.We will al so discuss ways and measures that are taken to assure that the product reaches to every individual and they are benefitted with the product’s usage thereby bringing profits and goodwill to the organization. To summarize, the aim of this research proposal is to understand the market policy and strategy upon introduction of a new product. FIVE YEAR PLAN This Five year plan has been created by the founders of DENTALCARE to ensure a constant funding towards growth and to inform the employees of the company’s current status and direction.DENTALCARE with their CEO Mark Scott and the Marketing Director Thomas Lube is a new organization with high potential of providing exceptionally good products to its consumers and to capture on a big market share in the coming 5 years. They plan to start it with by introducing the product to the classes and then gradually reaching to the masses. The marketing environment has been very receptive to the firm’s great quality Tooth Gel a nd observing that, the firm can increase the promotion, distribution and production of its product in the coming years.DENTALCARE was founded by its two partners, Mr Mark Scott and Mr Thomas Lube around a year ago. Since then, both of the entrepreneurs have been studying and closely following the Oral Care market to understand the business strategies being implemented currently. They have also been keeping a close observation on the consumer behaviour towards a product and its changing approach on when and why to switch over to a different brand. Over the last few months, they have been working together to discover the ultimate Tooth Gel which will comply to the consumer expectations in every term i. e. uality, pricing and overall satisfaction. At present, Mr Mark Scott handles the position of the Chief Executive officer (CEO) and handles all the operations including R and D and Manufacturing whereas Mr Thomas Lube is the Marketing Director handling the Pre Product Projection in the market and Customer experience. Together they have come up with a new Tooth Gel called Whitening Tooth Gel and are ready to launch it in the Toothpaste/Gel market. DENTALCARE’s Whitening Tooth Gel comprises of 100% pure natural ingredients to provide complete Oral satisfaction and is an All-in-One solution to all the Dental and Oral problems.Major functions of this Tooth Gel are to prevent cavities, remove plaque and stains, fight against oral germs, strengthen enamel and teeth, prevent tartar, and provide long lasting fresh breath and much more. Ingredients like clove oil and mint give a really nice after brush experience that lasts longer. Moreover, the makers of this tooth gel have advised that the regular usage of this gel will reduce down the tooth decay by 65% in all age groups. The company has a dream to capture a big chunk of Oral Care Market share by introducing the product to both the classes and the masses.They aim for the product to be affordable by every individ ual and based on this expectation, their management have created a Plan that highlights their expected growth and sales number for the next 5 years. They do plan to introduce further new products once they have the consumer attention focused to their product. Below is their expected first Year revenue for their product Whitening Tooth Gel: Year One Expected Inputs|   | |   | 1. Expected Year One Revenue |   | | Whitening Tooth Gel| Annual revenue | AUD 300,000| |   | Total year one (noninterest) revenue| AUD 300,000|   | 2. Credit Loss Provision probability| 2%| |   | 3. Annual Taxation Rate| 24%| |   | Expected Growth Rate for the first 5 years: 3-7% UNDERSTANDING ISSUES This Tooth Gel research is based on a series of methods for conducting research in the corporate world. The Tooth Gel and Toothpaste market is captivated by various brands and their own mission statements. Famous brands among the consumers like Colgate, Oral-B, etc have a captivating hold on market du e to their own market strategy. Therefore, majority of them are successful to qualify the requirements of the customers.Whitening Tooth Gel has a strong focus on its objectives with those of its trade partners in an appropriate manner to maintain a healthy relationship. The Organization understands that the good results are produced when the process is rightly followed. Whitening Tooth Gel has also developed its company’s ethics and principle that relate to their consumer class. These guidelines provide a great impact in meeting business targets and is committed to its values thereby upholding its highest standards in maintaining customer relations.Whitening Tooth Gel is a new product by DENTALCARE in the current market. Hence the concern is that will a new product be able to grow and capture a significant share in the Oral Care Market. With proven results from pre-launch analysis, will it be easy enough capture the market once the results are seen on a real time basis i. e. response from the consumers. The company may emphasise on marketing research and analysis as to understand the consumer viewpoint on their buying strategy and behaviour towards a new consumer product. VALIDATING THE PROPOSED RESEARCHThe first question that arises is that how will a consumer respond to a new brand of an existing commodity in the market? When it comes to the purchasing, consumers often have an organized approach in what and when to buy. The company must come up with an innovative and almost perfect idea to strategize the marketing research when there are quite a few brands available in the similar product category. A thorough understanding of the consumer buying power and strategy is essential before launching the product. Thus the first task is to divert the consumer attention towards the product by advertising and promotional campaigning.Simultaneous emphasis has to be given to the consumer’s interest, requirements and their expectations from the product. Her e we see the implication of the Market research theory. Once sparked, the interest can lead to the beginning of a new relationship between the consumer and the company which becomes product driven. Once the decision is made by the consumer, it becomes a big responsibility of the manufacturing and research unit of the organization on keep up to the consumer’s expectations and sustains the consistency in delivering the best.The product distribution should be as good as its promotion and the product should be readily available to every individual. Product awareness is within the hands of the marketing and research procedures and largely contributes in providing the products to the majority of the masses. The consumers are not tied up with any contract with a certain brand. They stick to it as long as the brand sticks to its commitment. It’s easier to create a consumer relationship compared to maintaining it in future. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DESIGNThis Methodology proced ure includes various sub categories such as phases, methods, technique task and tools. These sub-categories will highlight the following ways: * To introduce the new product in the existing market * To analyse and develop on the principles of methods and * To successfully validate it i. e. both scientifically and systematically. We followed Descriptive research process to analyse and understand the idea about the research proposal. The results however may vary depending upon a number of economical and ethical factors. The process helps a lot in enhancing the consumer feedback.Qualitative techniques can be performed on the selection of one brand over the other to obtain certain parameters which are of utmost importance in deciding for a Tooth Gel brand. Each key point can be utilized for further development of surveys. The research would most likely be a Brand equity research or Buyer behaviour research. Listed below are a few key questions to understand a consumer’s behaviour towards a newly launched product:. Questionnaire: 1) What Age group do you fall in? 2) Do you brush your teeth twice a day? 3) Are you branding conscious when it comes to buying? ) Why did you prefer Whitening Tooth Gel? 5) Are you satisfied with the product pricing when compared to the results produced? 6) Is there any room for improving the product thereby improving consumer experience? Listed below is the data of a few Blacktown residents who took part in the Sample survey by using Whitening Tooth Gel sample packs offered by DENTALCARE: Sample Frame: Residents of Blacktown NSW Sample Unit : Age Group 21-40 years Sample Size : 50 feedbacks Time Frame : 3-4 weeks Sampling Method: Random Survey. CONCLUSIONThe pre-launch analysis/research immensely contributed to understand the buying behaviour of consumer for their Toothpaste/Gel brands and also helped in understanding about the awareness among people on Oral health. Oral care is one of the most important factor in maintaining over all body health and people are very much aware about their product selection criteria. Different Toothpaste/Gel companies have a focus on the consumer class, their buying capability and their attitude towards preferring a Toothpaste/Gel brand over another and are working harder and smarter to attract more consumers by coming up with more improvements and innovation.The Pre Launch understanding of the Oral care market and the products available is the key result extracted from this research. This research has enabled the company to identify the key areas where the customer would focus when it comes to switching over to a new brand. This nature of customer shall help a lot for our Tooth Gel as Whitening Tooth Gel possesses all the qualities which customer want and is a perfect remedy for all kinds of dental issues. Simultaneously, Advertisements and Campaigning can be done in order to promote the product sales and inturn receiving better consumer experience.Since Dental awareness play s a vital role in overall fitness of human body, free dental check up camps and concessional services to elderly people can actually divert consumer attention towards a product that has already proven its worth on a real time experience. This will help in maintaining a healthy and long term relationship between an organization and the consumer class. References: 1) Australian Bureau of Statistics, viewed on 24th Nov 2012 : http://www. abs. gov. au/ 2) Toothpaste/ Gel, viewed on 24nd Nov 2012 http://www. herbalTooth Gel. et/ 3) Marketing Strategy Material, viewed on 24nd Nov 2012 http://futureobservatory. dyndns. org/2012. htm 4) QUCK MBA, viewed on 25th Nov 2012 http://www. quickmba. com/marketing/research/qdesign/ 5) StudyMode,viewedon2ndoct2012 http://www. studymode. com/essays/Tooth Gel-Marketing-Research-Proposal-800471. html? topic 6) Zeithaml, V. A. (1988): Consumer Perceptions of Pricing, Quality, and Value: Journal of Marketing, 52 (3) 7) Five Year Sample Marketing Plan refe rence from: www. iowacentral. edu/business/BCD/contests/MarketingPlan. doc

Risk Analysis - economies of Central and South America.

Risk Analysis - economies of Central and South America. The economies of Central and South America offer attractive business opportunities. However, these are accompanied by a set of risks, which businesses need to understand and manage effectively. In this paper we will discuss a business risk analysis of MBS Inc in the Venezuelan market.Taxation and Double Taxation Risks.The accounting standards adopted by The Republic of Venezuela coincide with International Accounting Standards (USDT, 2004). MBS Inc.'s own financial statements will have to adhere to International Accounting Standards to avoid double taxation. The Republic of Venezuela foreign investment legislation provides general assurances on the rights of foreign investors to remit profits and dividends from their investments in the Republic of Venezuela (ANDEAN Community, 2004). However, in some cases these rights are subject to currency tax and export restrictions, and no guarantee can be given that all profits will be able to be remitted (ANDEAN Community, 2004). To aid these r estrictions, Companies use partnerships in both domestic and international tax-planning structures as a result of the increase in global commerce.English: Flag of Falcà ³n State, Venezuela. Adopted...A number of these tax structures incorporate a multitude of both domestic and foreign partnerships (U of F, 2004). MBS Inc uses the same strategies. By opening subsidiary companies in Venezuela and Europe, modeled after our subsidiaries MBSUSA and MBSUK, MBS Inc. should be able to successfully maneuver around the double taxation threat.Taxation in The Republic of VenezuelaTaxable Base.Taxable profit is determined based on adjusted gross income reduced by deductible costs and tax depreciation. For corporate income tax purposes, adjusted gross income means gross income (i.e. a company's world-wide income) received (accrued) during the reporting period either in cash, in kind or in intangible form. Gross income includes total income from the sale of goods (work, services), fixed assets an d gratuitous transfers (McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2003).Foreign Tax Credit.A tax credit system is effective to avoid double taxation of income derived from abroad. A credit is allowed for foreign taxes paid up to the amount of tax due on such income, provided there is a tax treaty with the state in which the tax was paid and proof of taxes paid can be obtained (USDT, 2004). The tax credit system effectively avoids the potential for double taxation of income derived overseas. Taxation law in The Republic of Venezuela is developing and is taking the shape of its northern neighbors. It is possible therefore that the current interpretation of the law or understanding of current practices may change which would, in turn, affect the Company's taxation as well (USDT, 2004).Legal Risks.Future legislation and the resulting impact on the Company cannot be fully anticipated, though there is significant political support for legislative changes that will further improve The Republic of Venezuela grow ing market economy (USDT, 2004).An Inside Look At MBS Inc.Most of the raw materials that are needed for the manufacturing of our products are available inside Venezuela, and can be purchased tax-free, as long as they are being used for manufacturing proposes within Venezuela. The Venezuelan Government will tax the end product. Manufactured products will be taxed on two levels. All manufactured products will be subject to a manufacturing tax. Our products that are sold locally will also be subject to sales tax. MBS will sell products locally in our "gift store", which is located outside our manufacturing plant, and to our employees. All employees will get a 50% discount on their purchases. Exported products will not be subject to any additional taxes until they reach "customs" of the country that they are being exported to. Then they will be considered imports, and be subject to the import tax controlled by that country. We will avoid being double taxed by shipping directly to the co untry that the products are going to be sold in, or directly to the vender that sells our products. In short, we will not ship our products from Venezuela, to the United States, and then to the European Union.Social and Cultural RisksThe MBS Hr Dept. will rightfully take up considerable consumptions of resources to ensure that religion, culture, the public, and the political leaders are not offended. ALL employees, even though some employees and employee positions will not be affected will be mandated to go to training. Experts will have to be hired in the fields on political, local religion, and local culture. They will have to set up workshops and to give training in the areas of cultural and cross cultural curtsies, religious believes, and the local political system. Interactive workshops need to be structured in a non-stressful environment and non-stressful manor so that relocated employees and new hirers will be able to interact with each other, get familiar with each other, an d hopefully become friends.Marketing RisksIn establishing a marketing risk analysis, we must recognize a couple of factors that create challenges for many companies expanding into the global market. Some foreign nations like The Republic of Venezuela do not think like Americans. Things like how they purchase products, how they conduct business, and their lines of transportation are all treated with a different mentality. For example, in Italy an afternoon nap is part of the normal day. Different countries also have different work ethics. Understanding ethics and marketing within the cultural norms will eliminate numerous obstacles. In establishing our business in Venezuela we also have to consider risks like what the international response for our company moving to South America will be on the effects of the presumed sweatshops and child labor. The fact that Venezuela also houses many major traffickers of narcotics (CIA, 2004) and the volatility of the national drug cartels may also affect our business.Price StructuringThe Venezuelan people are not our main end user; however there will be some utilization of local retailers. Price controls and/or mark-up limits have existed in Venezuela for many years. There are still occasions when the government used armed forces to raid some of the distribution warehouses of manufacturers to confiscate what was termed "hoarded" products. Bartering is not common for most retailers, however some barter and trade does exist. On the other hand, special offers and sales, or product discounting, is common for the local markets and malls. The key to our pricing strategy has always been to maintain the same pricing structure throughout all our markets, though some tweaking might have to be done to comply with local law. Through Internet information, a detailed analysis of our pricing practices and policies may be obtained. By establishing a common price structure we hope to avoid accusations of unfair pricing by the local and inter national community.Distribution and Supply Chains.Currently there are few limitations that limit distribution both in and out of The Republic of Venezuela. Channel strategies will be key in both importing supplies and exporting our apparel. It will be practical and efficient to use manufacturer representatives and commissioned agents that are experienced in the local import/export business. This will aid us in developing internal networks and undertaking several business functions simultaneously. The agent should be familiar with laws, regulation, and ways to legally navigate around them. If properly motivated, the agent should be able to move through the channels pushing the timely movement of the products down. There are also several paths for the importing and exporting of supplies and goods in Venezuela. There are 326 airstrips and 19 major seaports (CIA, 2004). The lager seaports are Puerto Capello, Cumana, and the capital of Caracas (CIA, 2004). Land transportation is also abu ndant. There are no specific business licenses that are required for a local company, or individual, to be an importer. Many retailers administer their own imports and exports by placing orders through commissioned agents or purchasing directly from foreign suppliers.DistributionThe means of distribution we will be able to utilize for our manufacturing plant will include the use of the three main seaports; Caracas, Cumana, and Puerto Capello. At these key locations, which are located along the Caribbean Sea, we will be able to ship orders to our international customers as well as receive material from our international venders or our parent plant, which is in the United States.Political, Legal, and Regulatory RisksThere are many political business risks when doing business in the ANDEAN Community. Each country that makes up the ANDEAN Pact (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela), face many political and regulatory issues, which stem from sovereignty and independence issues .One of the major issues surrounding the ADEAN Community is Peru's intension of leaving the ADEAN community to increase Peru's trading bloc in South America. On April 1997 Peru's President Fujimori announced his intent to leave the ANDEAN Pact and shortly after lowered tariff tax in Peru from 16% down to 13%. The U.S. currently remains Peru's leading supplier with approximately 20 percent market share.Regional integration has not come easy in the ANDEAN Community. Peru is still a member of the ANDEAN Pact but does not participate fully in ANDEAN's free trade area or customs union because of disagreements over tariffs and the differences of what Peru's view of trade policies should be. Peru still maintains limited bilateral trade agreements with each of the four members of the community and full-fledged free trade agreement with Bolivia (Wagner, 2003).This is one of the prime examples of how our business operations in the ANDEAN Community could be disrupted or financially harmed when countries like Peru decide to change tariffs or regulatory issues, for their own benefit and not for the ANDEAN community. However there is a bright side; foreign direct Investment has come into these countries in connection to oil and mining exploration in other countries like Colombia and Venezuela. Each year the political and terrorism picture improves for these countries and the people have contributed in establishing law and order throughout the region. Each country is working hard to eliminate drug smuggling, kidnappings and political corruption. This approach is catching on very strong within the ANDEAN Community and helping reduce our political business risks in the region. This new outlook led to the "Cartagena Agreement" was signed by each country's leader to attain economic goals by creating an integration and cooperative system that will lead to the balanced, and shared economic development of their countries (Wagner, 2003).Exchange and Repatriation RisksOn February 5, 2003 the Venezuelan Government established a new exchange control regime. The agreement establishes restrictions on foreign trade and the other half sets an official exchange rate for the immediate future. The agreement establishes the Foreign Exchange Management Commission (CADIVI) as the exchange control administration entity, responsible for issuing the Foreign Currency Acquisition Authorization required for the purchase of foreign currency (Blackaby, 2003).One of the main risks to our business is that the CADIVI does not make it clear whether investors must obtain Foreign Currency Acquisition Authorizations to repatriate their investments. The current regulation only refers to dividends and capital gains, but not to repatriation of capital. Companies incorporated or to be incorporated must obtain authorization to keep foreign currency denominated funds in bank accounts abroad, including amounts received from their sales and capital contributions or loans made by their investors or credit institutions. All other foreign currency held by these companies must be sold to the central bank (Blackaby, 2003). There are definitely risks associated in dealing with foreign banks, but that is the risk our company must weigh in order to do business in the ANDEAN region.ConclusionConducting a business risk analysis takes extensive research, financial awareness, and a lot more research. There are many issues to consider ranging from political risks to low wages. Evaluating each risk carefully will decrease the risks of MBS, Inc from failing to exceed in the ANDEAN Community. There still is a long way to go in the development of the ANDEAN Community, but as countries like Venezuela continue to make Foreign Direct Investment more attractive, the future of MBS, Inc. in the Venezuela looks bright.References:ANDEAN Community, (2004). CARTAGENA AGREEMENT - CHAPTER I OBJECTIVES AND MECHANISMS. Retrieved September 18, 2004 from The ANDEAN Community's website at: comunidadandina. org/endex.htmBlackaby, N., (2003). Freshfields Bruckhaus Dringer - MMB Legal Report. Retrieved September 18, 2004 from The ANDEAN Community's website at: hpcd-ip.comCIA (Central Intelligence Agency), (2004). The World Factbook - Venezuela. Retrieved September 18, 2004 from The CIA's website at: cia.govMcGraw-Hill Irwin (2003). International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace (4th ed.). Retrieved September 18, 2004 from the University of Phoenix, MGT/448 - Global Business Strategies Website at: https://mycampus.phoenix.eduU of F (University of Florida), (2004). College of Journalism and Communications - Mission/Vision: Business Plan Basics. Retrieved September 17, 2004 from The University of Florida's website at: jou.ufl.eduUSDT (Unites States Department of the Treasury), (2004). Convention between the United States and the Republic of Venezuela for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal invasion with respect to taxes and capital income. Retrieved S eptember 18, 2004 from The Unites States Department of the Treasury's website at: ustreas.govWagner, A., (2003). Common Foreign Policies, Economic policies, Retrieved September 18, 2004 from The ANDEAN Community's website at: comunidadandina.org

6 Disappeared LinkedIn® Partner Applications and What to Do About Them †Part I Events

6 Disappeared LinkedIn ® Partner Applications and What to Do About Them – Part I Events It’s no secret that LinkedIn has recently undergone a significant overhaul (thus the release this past Sunday of the 5th edition of Profile href=https://theessayexpert.com/services-rates/linkedin-profiles/how-to-write-a-killer-linkedin-profile/>How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile). One of the most major changes you will notice is that you no longer have a choice of utilizing LinkedIn Partner Applications such as Events, Amazon, TripIt, Box.net, WordPress and SlideShare. What’s a savvy LinkedIn user to do? Many of my e-book readers and blog subscribers have been asking me questions about how to handle this big change. This article and subsequent blogs for the next few weeks will go through six previously popular applications and review how to transmit the information you used to be able to share through LinkedIn’s partner applications. One of the first applications to disappear from LinkedIn was Events. Events was a platform from which to share live and web-based events with the LinkedIn community, and from which to track RSVPs. The application was eliminated suddenly and with little fanfare. There is no new magic trick to posting events to your LinkedIn page in the absence of the partner application. The only way I know of to announce events on the new LinkedIn is to publicize them directly from your Activity updates, which you can easily populate from either your LinkedIn home page or the Activity bar on your profile. You can share on both LinkedIn and Twitter by using this function. Home page image: Profile Activity bar image: Any updates you add will appear on your profile in your Activity section (the top section of the profile). Your updates will also appear in LinkedIn Signal, which is a running account of all LinkedIn updates that can be found under the News menu. Here’s a sample:    LinkedIn is no longer a viable way to obtain RSVPs for events. If you want people to RSVP, the best way is to provide a link to a page where people can RSVP, such as a registration page or gotomeeting webinar announcement. Once you post an update, you have the option to share it with groups and individuals. Just click on Share below the update and you will see the following screen:    Is your event selective? Invite an exclusive crowd by clicking on Send to individuals. Then write them an enticing note:    Hit Share and spread the word to the world! The more connections you have, the more people will see your post and possibly share it with their connections as well. Next week: What to do about your Amazon reading list? Want more tips on the NEW LinkedIn? Check out the #1 Best-Selling E-Book Profile href=https://theessayexpert.com/services-rates/linkedin-profiles/how-to-write-a-killer-linkedin-profile/>How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile, 5th edition just released! Category:Archived ArticlesBy Brenda BernsteinJanuary 21, 2013 2 Comments Cathy Yerges says: January 22, 2013 at 12:54 am Brenda, Thanks for starting this series on the lost apps of LinkedIn. Many of us are left finding new ways to engage with our connections. As far as events, I would also add that a person could promote their event on their LinkedIn profile in the summary section and the website url section. These two places would remain static on your profile until you changed them again. This would promote your event to those that view your profile and may not have seen the update. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: January 22, 2013 at 12:57 am Great idea Cathy thank you! If you are not using all the characters in your summary or all three websites in your website list, your idea would be an option. And an update would go out announcing that you updated your profile; overall I think posting to Activity updates will reach more people, but might as well approach the situation from multiple angles! Log in to Reply

Structure Of Travel And Tourism Industry Tourism Essay Example

Structure Of Travel And Tourism Industry Tourism Essay Example Structure Of Travel And Tourism Industry Tourism Essay Structure Of Travel And Tourism Industry Tourism Essay The construction of the Travel and Tourism industry consists of six constituents ATTRACTIONS are either natural in themselves or are man-made.It is easy to believe of natural attractive forces eg Lake District or Blackpool Beach that has some 6million visitants each year.Man-made attractive forces are constructed for tourists.Alton Towers is a genuinely celebrated subject park full of activities for the family.Other really celebrated attractive forces are the London Eye, Tower of London.TRANSPORT signifiers at least 25 % of a tourer s spending for a trip and with many ways of acquiring around it forms a critical function in the touristry industry.In order to acquire to their finish it normally involves at least two signifiers of transport.The British public expect a high criterion of service affecting all signifiers of travel information. The rail web has been extensively modernised with many private companies viing with each other, such asVirgin, GNER and Eurostar.Over 5million riders travel each twelvemonth with Eurostar through the channel tunnel.Train journeying has declined slightly but some services are paying their way.Coach travel has ever been an indispensable and popular signifier of conveyance enabling the populace to go at highly low cost, including abroad.National Express and Eurolines carry more than 12million riders a twelvemonth to over 1200 finishs. Air travel may dwell of scheduled flights winging to strict timetables, particularly good for concern people. There are charter flights with planes hired for certain journeys at no set time.Some big circuit operators own their ain charter airlines.More than 75 % of all bundle vacations use air travel. The sea ferries have become really popular for sing Ireland and France.There is besides the Hovercraft.Cruising around the Mediterranean has maintained its worth with P A ; O.ACCOMODATION is of course highly of import to the travel and touristry industry.The overall criterions of hotels and B A ; Bs has greatly improved.Travel hostel, campgrounds, trains and self-catering Villas all contribute to the industry.Over recent old ages self-catering where you provide your ain nutrient and repasts has grown in popularity.Half-board offers you breakfast and tea with full-board providing everything. Tour OPERATORS produce vacations in the signifier of a package.A contract is negotiated with adjustment and conveyance providers.Buying in majority reduces overhead costs and the vacation is presented as a booklet to the travel agents, and so sold ; either straight or via the agent.There are four major circuit operators, they are My Travel and First Choice, Thomson and Thomas Cook.Collectively these are known as TUI.It is an illustration of perpendicular integration.It operates at more than one degree of the vacation chain.Examples of mass market providers are Thomas Cook, Thomson, First Choice. Provision is made for bureau and circuit operating services with call Centres and operational airlines.The circuit trade names are good known.The balance of the market consists of little, average sized operations normally making concern for a little specialized patronages such as the singles market or gourmet cooking holidaies. The Travel and Tourism industry has changed dramatically as a con sequence of the sum of integration.Integration has both a positive and negative consequence on the industry. With perpendicular integrating an administration buys another at a different degree on the purchasing chain.An illustration is Thomson who bought Britannia Airways together with Lunn Poly the travel agent.Britannia Airways is allowed by the parent to offer lower fares.The circuit operator makes more net income ; but the travel agent merely receives a low rate of committee go forthing most of the net income to the tour operator.Integration is advantageous if it permits the administration to command pricing and communicates good with every degree of such a concatenation. Horizontal integrating, less common, occurs when an administration buys another that is on the same degree of the purchasing concatenation. Go one time owned by British Airways was bought out by EasyJet. This move resulted in power stigmatization where all Son of Go became that of EasyJet.This occurred a negative impact with customers.Prices were able to be controlled by EasyJet ; yet the end point for EasyJet is more market infinite for self-promotion. Tour operators have a much larger market portion than travel agents.Thus upon integrating with a circuit operator the agent sells and promotes the services of the operator.The rate of committee is in the control of the circuit operator. The independent travel agents are earnestly affected by integration.The circuit operators and air hoses will sell their merchandises over the cyberspace straight. As a consequence niche markets are developing to run into the demands of the clients in the high street who prefer personal attending in such affairs. The air hoses have besides been affected by integration.British Airways tried to unify with American Airlines but IATA said no, because such a coupling would rule wholly transatlantic flights. Horizontal and perpendicular integrating has significantly reduced competition within the industry.The demand from the populace has set a pattern.Smaller companies are non traveling to be able to cope.A big administration can absorb failure impact if the agreement does non work but for a smaller company such failure would spell ruin. Travel Agents do their occupation of selling the brochures.This is the nexus between circuit operators and the public.They normally cater for specializer holidays.There are multiple travel agents with bureaus all around the UK.The most celebrated are Traveling Topographic points, Thomson and Lunn Poly.There are miniples dwelling of approximately 20 to thirty shops.Independent travel agents are little and household owned.Very popular are Call Centres where the client can book a vacation by phone. Tourism AND DEVELOPMENT situated all over the state guarantee that prospective visitants learn of their location and all it has to offer by extended advertisement and publicity work with handiness for advice and information including the capableness to set about research.Blue Badge ushers have really intensive and specific preparation to supply Tourss of their several parts for visitors.A concatenation of distribution therefore comes into being by which a merchandise eg a bundle vacation is distributed from the principal/producer to the tourist/consumer.This occurs really frequently via the circuit operators and travel agents ( jobbers and retail merchants ) . There are services related to the Travel and Tourism industry provided by public, private and voluntary.Public sector services are accountable to elected bodies.Most are non-profit making.Local governments support touristry information centres.Visit Britain is an illustration of the Public Sector.Its aims are to advance Britain as a tourer finish to abroad clients and to promote domestic clients to take more frequent and longer vacations within the state ; to supply advice and support for broader authorities aims ; for other tourer boards to spouse them in constructing a touristry industry within the state ; and for its staff, to accomplish ends by using resources more expeditiously, through openness, handiness, professionalism, answerability and reactivity. The private sector consists of a battalion of commercial companies whose purpose is of course to bring forth net income in services and merchandises provided for their customers.Household names include Thomas Cook, Rank and Granada.These contribute significantly to the wealth of the UK. Voluntary sector administrations consist basically of voluntary staff.Their position is of a charity runing on a non-profit footing. They may hold rate and VAT alleviation on any investings, sedimentations or covenants.If registered as charities they have to fulfill certain conditions.Objectives may be charitable, with intents good on behalf of the communities they serve. Without the Tourist would be no tourer industry so what is of particular involvement to which there are many unreciprocated inquiries is the phenomena of mass flows of tourers as to their beginnings and other related affairs of interest.A systems attack is favoured, and that of Leiper s system lends itself to unclutter thought heuristic In Leiper s basic touristry system there are three defined geographical regions/entities.They consist of the Traveller bring forthing regions.The Tourist finish parts and the Transit path parts The travel and touristry industry concerns itself with free flow circulation and the activities of the tourer within the three defined parts. The bring forthing part is where there is readying for the journey with attendant reaching at a destination.The bring forthing part pushes motive towards travel.Here they make their engagement and look into out.Destination is where the tourer really becomes a tourer ; it is where the touristry activity occurs.Here directo rs consequence their strategies.Geographically the pull factor is variable, dependent upon the existent location.Demand is created here.The theodolite part encompasses all topographic points visited along the manner to the existent destination.It should be self apparent that one portion of such a system can non work without the others. Europe, Australasia and Indonesia, Philippines with Brunei are the push parts for Singapore for example.Many tourers within the assortment of flows sing the state will utilize it as a halt over location.

Organizational Change Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organizational Change Project - Essay Example The organization has also undergone transitions from its family based orientation to its current form that is professionally managed. Simmons has also identified a decision-making culture in which decisions are based on the organization’s history. Its culture also involves creativity and innovation, utility optimization and customer satisfaction as core principles. Even though it once deviated from its core objective of manufacturing mattresses, the organization realigned to its original objective. Two years ago, Simmons recruited Eites, a dynamic manager who has proposed a cultural change program to the organization’s environment that has become unfavorable. Effects of recession and the September 11 terror attack besides bankruptcy of three major customers have for example hit the organization. One of the organization’s suppliers also delivered spoilt raw materials, leading to defective product (Edmondson, 2007). Facts in the case identify diversified challenges and problems that require change. Its historic decision making culture that induces rigidity and resistance to change is an example. The organization also faces adverse economic conditions from recession and effects of the terror attack. Resistance to proposed changes and receipt of bad materials are other issues that identify the need for change (Edmondson,

Environmental Scan Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Environmental Scan - Research Paper Example It is headquartered in US and it has various subsidiaries across the world. On the other hand, Safaricom is a telecommunication service company that is headquartered in Kenya. It offers its services in mobile service, data and internet to its mobile subscribers. The company has the highest number of subscribers in the area. It is not a multinational company. Both companies have a competitive edge over their rival companies. According to Singh (2012), competitive edge refers to an advantage that a company has over its rival company (p. 19). This advantage arises through various ways including, offering services of high value by either providing services that are of higher benefits or by means or lowering the price of the products, using marketing strategies and many other ways that justifies higher prices (Wheelen & Hunger, 2010, p. 28). Competitive advantage allows a company to earn high returns on its investments above the cost of investment (Wheelen & Hunger, 2010, p. 28). Therefore, a competitive edge should not only project better performance when compared to competitors but should endeavor to provide genuine value to the customers to ensure that they remain dominant in the market. Dell’s competitive advantage is in its range of products that it offers. It offers wide range of products that are highly needed by the customers. Its products are of high quality. Furthermore, it has already established a brand in the market and this makes it have a competitive advantage. Furthermore, it engages in wide range of advertising and marketing strategies that have enabled it to reach out to many potential customers across the world. Its strategies include, ensuring that, they produce goods that match the needs of the clients. They also ensure that their products are distributed to the clients the moment they are ordered. This has made the company to remain competitive. On the other hand,

Rite of Passage in the Western Culture Research Paper

Rite of Passage in the Western Culture - Research Paper Example At every important point of a person’s life, a rite of passage helps in the transition from one phase to another. The concept of rite of passage has appealed to many sociologist and anthropologists such as Arnold van Gennep who formed the term rite of passage and gave the different ceremonies practised in different religions and societies, a common word. Gennep further categorized the three phases in three phases, namely separation, transition and incorporation. Gennep through studying the different ceremonies in different religions and societies had been able to find a common ground in all these ceremonies by studying the underlying concept in these rites of passage. Rite of passage in different races, religions and societies differ but they usually celebrate the same events in an individual’s life but in different ways. Similarly, the rite of passage of the west differs from that of the east and the rite of passage of Christianity differs from that of Islam. In this paper, we attempt to analyze the concept behind the rite of passage and the western ways of conducting rites of passage. Rite of passage can be likened to Shakespeare’s ‘Seven ages of man’, where a man changes drastically from one stage of another. From the time an individual is born to the time when he is buried, the rite of passage helps him in a smooth movement from one transition to another. According to Victor Turner, rites of passage can be divided into two broad categories, those that ‘accompany the passage of a person from one social status to another and (those that) mark recognized points in the passage of time, such as new year, new moon, Passover and so forth’ (Klingbeil, 2007). Thus rites of passage are both religious and social. Religious rite of passage includes the rituals that are carried forward from endless times and differ in each religion to a certain extent. One can find similarities between the  religious rites of passage of different religions in the way that they celebrate the same events.  

Arab Culture and Beliefs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Arab Culture and Beliefs - Essay Example The Islamic faith had taken roots in the 6th century AD in Saudi Arabia and spread out into the surrounding regions. The Islamic rulers were trained in the art of warfare, astute statesmen and able administrators6. They ruled with an iron hand but they were fair in their dealings7. They were patrons of literature, arts, science and philosophy8. Trade, education and military expeditions were high on their agenda and they carried out these in the best tradition9 and vision the newly found religion propagated and expounded10 (Saudi Arabia: Culture). Hence, given the ideal state of affairs storytellers flourished11. These bards were thoroughly familiar with the fallacies and foibles of all men from at all levels12. They were either trained in the art of storytelling or were motivated13 enough to stir up their imaginations to arouse interest and maintain it through mentally manufactured plots which they narrated before gaping, awe-struck audience14. Which audience will resist the temptation to hear accounts of rags to riches episodes15 couched with mysterious events, adventures, gallant heroes, beautiful women, eccentric rulers, scheming villains, strange beings and beasts, and rounded up with the most unlikely and profound endings.16 The Arab culture of medieval times provide the fantastic backgro... The Arab culture of medieval times provide the fantastic background of valor and wealth, innocence and greed, intrigue and deceit, ogre and jinn, and a rich variety of oriental charm and chicanery17 to embellish the Arabian Nights with the unique touch and brand of a world where the interplay of facts and fiction18 gave both an aura of invincibility and supernatural powers to perform the impossible.19 The Arabian Nights tantalizingly reflect the heydays of Arabia's past glory20 when ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11,12,13,14,15 Saudi Arabia: Culture 16,17,18,19,20 The Arabian Nights the Arab world was a world centre for learning, science, arts and philosophy21. The advent and spread of Islam in the Arab world22 and beyond happened in the times the Arabian Nights came to be written and told23. Possibilities exist for some of the stories to have been given a makeover of the Arab culture and beliefs24 to make it more acceptable to the regional masters and citizenry15. It is also possible that many of the stories originated25 from one of the countries with whom Arabia had economic and cultural ties like India26. The stories resonate with the culture and ethos of these places where the Islamic rulers had dominion including the countries the Arabs did business with27. What distinguishes the Arabian Nights from other folklores is the way metaphysics28 is incorporated to highlight ordinary life and situations with supernatural aliens and incidents29. The stories of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, Sindbad the Sailor, Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp30 are some examples of

The Development of the Scientific Management Theory Research Paper - 1

The Development of the Scientific Management Theory - Research Paper Example The researcher states that the most of individuals think that the basic motives of employers and employees are essentially opposed. In contrast, scientific management has for its core groundwork the strong belief that the genuine objects of the two are inseparable - that wealth for the employer cannot be sustained in the long run unless it is attended with the wealth for the employee and that it is doable to grant the employee what s/he most desires and the employer what s/he desires for his/her production. Thus, it is unquestionable that the influential and most contentious contribution to the development of management theory was the theory and practice of scientific management by Frederick Winslow Taylor, that was a main focus of the analysis and was presented in the essay. The principles of scientific management remain in vogue in large numbers of companies in the US. However, this is not similar to the scientific management pioneered by Frederick Taylor. Over the years, these man agement principles have been modified and the outdated components have been eliminated. This capacity to adjust has been helpful in the continued existence of the fundamental premises of scientific management, where remain numerous deliberations about its fundamental rules in contemporary management theory. This is due to the fact that these fundamental principles remain vital, present-day managers still applying them. Hence, the issues have numerous spectators. Scientific management survives and will stay alive for a hundred years or so.

Arab Culture and Beliefs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Arab Culture and Beliefs - Essay Example The Islamic faith had taken roots in the 6th century AD in Saudi Arabia and spread out into the surrounding regions. The Islamic rulers were trained in the art of warfare, astute statesmen and able administrators6. They ruled with an iron hand but they were fair in their dealings7. They were patrons of literature, arts, science and philosophy8. Trade, education and military expeditions were high on their agenda and they carried out these in the best tradition9 and vision the newly found religion propagated and expounded10 (Saudi Arabia: Culture). Hence, given the ideal state of affairs storytellers flourished11. These bards were thoroughly familiar with the fallacies and foibles of all men from at all levels12. They were either trained in the art of storytelling or were motivated13 enough to stir up their imaginations to arouse interest and maintain it through mentally manufactured plots which they narrated before gaping, awe-struck audience14. Which audience will resist the temptation to hear accounts of rags to riches episodes15 couched with mysterious events, adventures, gallant heroes, beautiful women, eccentric rulers, scheming villains, strange beings and beasts, and rounded up with the most unlikely and profound endings.16 The Arab culture of medieval times provide the fantastic backgro... The Arab culture of medieval times provide the fantastic background of valor and wealth, innocence and greed, intrigue and deceit, ogre and jinn, and a rich variety of oriental charm and chicanery17 to embellish the Arabian Nights with the unique touch and brand of a world where the interplay of facts and fiction18 gave both an aura of invincibility and supernatural powers to perform the impossible.19 The Arabian Nights tantalizingly reflect the heydays of Arabia's past glory20 when ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11,12,13,14,15 Saudi Arabia: Culture 16,17,18,19,20 The Arabian Nights the Arab world was a world centre for learning, science, arts and philosophy21. The advent and spread of Islam in the Arab world22 and beyond happened in the times the Arabian Nights came to be written and told23. Possibilities exist for some of the stories to have been given a makeover of the Arab culture and beliefs24 to make it more acceptable to the regional masters and citizenry15. It is also possible that many of the stories originated25 from one of the countries with whom Arabia had economic and cultural ties like India26. The stories resonate with the culture and ethos of these places where the Islamic rulers had dominion including the countries the Arabs did business with27. What distinguishes the Arabian Nights from other folklores is the way metaphysics28 is incorporated to highlight ordinary life and situations with supernatural aliens and incidents29. The stories of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, Sindbad the Sailor, Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp30 are some examples of

Life Coaching Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Life Coaching - Article Example Furthermore, it is never too late to take a breather, evaluate one's circumstances, and change course if this becomes the apparent ideal solution to a problem or a difficult situation. Life coaching is an effective tool which one can rely on achieving the needed clarity, set up a process by which specific, measurable, and achievable goals are set, and a clear strategy to achieve these goals is outlined. There are different types of coaching, such as sports or performance coaching, leadershipcoaching, strategy coaching, skills coaching, career coaching, personal or life coaching, business coaching, executive coaching, etc. Life Coaching, to define it, "is the practice of assisting clients to determine and achieve personal goals." (Permut) Life coaching is an alliance between a client and a coach who is a professional and provides guidance and accountability. The coach helps by first empowering one in defining exactly what one's true dreams, passions, strengths, weaknesses, fears are, and then in guiding in achieving specific goals based on exactly that individual's profile. The coach however does not take responsibility for any of the client's action. The client is in full control of his destiny at every step. The environment is that of support, trust, motivation and encouragement. Complete confidentiality, as allowed by the law is always assured. In the end this process will enabl... He/she is confident that all weaknesses and fear can be either overcome or leveraged for success. The International Coach Federation also acknowledges the great value of coaching in producing important benefits in the clients' personal and professional lives. "Through the process of coaching, clients deepen their learning, improve their performance, and enhance their quality of life." (Rothwell and Sullivan, 389) It is, however, fundamental to realize that life coaching is not psychotherapy or consulting. "Coaching is not psychotherapy... Unlike therapy, the coaching relationship is a partnership and is much more egalitarian than the traditional therapy relationship [and] the coaching orientation is outcome and action driven in the external environment." (Gooding, 36) Significantly, coaching focuses on empowerment, values, wants, desires, and visions of the future and the action to make those visions happen. Similarly, coaching is not consulting: the latter deals with problem solving tactics, action plans, achieving precise targets etc, whereas the former concentrates chiefly on action based learning. Modern life as well as business is all about stress, problems, tensions etc. The value of life coaching is becoming increasingly apparent. Most essentially, the return on investment in life coaching has increased tremendously and it will continue to fetch great profit to the investors. The case of MetrixGlobal is a convincing example. "Program costs were tabulated for all 43 leadership development participants in determining the return on investment. A 529% return on investment was produced by the coaching process (excluding the benefits from employee retention)."

Nights Dream Essay Example for Free

Nights Dream Essay Task: Discuss the importance of magic in A Midsummer Nights Dream 10c1 English Coursework Magic is probably the main theme in A Midsummer Nights Dream. It plays a vital and extensive role in each story line. Each time Shakespeare uses magic, there is an important if subtle consequence. Shakespeare explores many aspects of magic, including how it causes problems and how it solves them. Magic is often used by Shakespeare to support and implement the comedic sections of the play. Before I explore the importance of magic in the play, I must explore magic itself,as it means different things to different people and to different cultures. Magic is defined in the dictionary as Any art that invokes supernatural powers. However, to other people and the majority of religions, magic is an evil force within the world, practiced by sinners and wrong doers. This seems to be the main view of the society Shakespeare lived in. However, nowadays magic is generally not believed in. This seems to be Shakespeares point of view; this can be seen by his use of magic to create a comedic and mischievous though certainly not evil- atmosphere throughout the play. In this way, Shakespeare could be seen as a writer ahead of his time. The effects of magic in A Midsummer Nights Dream may have been influenced by the social attitude of the Elizabethan era. During Elizabethan times magic unlike today was widely believed in. It was considered a crime to practise magic and was an offence punishable by law. People (usually single women) were executed if they were suspected of committing this crime. I think that this may have influenced Shakespeare to make magic have such a dramatic and often catastrophic effect. An example of the disastrous effects of magic is when Robin Goodfellow pours the love potion in the wrong mans eye, causing him to fall in love with another woman. This shows us that magic often has devastating and consequential effects, which affect the play as a whole. It also insinuates that magic might be a devious, if not evil, force. Magic plays a large and indispensable part in the plays main plot, with the lovers. Magic is actually used to structure the main story line. This can be seen where Oberon says: A sweet lady is in love/ With a disdainful youth: anoint his eyes -/ But do it when the next thing he espies/ May be the lady This shows us that magic is an extremely significant theme throughout the play. There would have been no main plot, had Robin Goodfellow not anointed the wrong mans eye with the love potion. Magic also plays an essential part in many of the subplots. This can be seen where Bottoms head is turned into that of an ass. Titania is then made to love him through magic. This suggests that magic is crucial to make the play the comedy that it is. These subplots can seem slightly insignificant and trivial at times, however, they all merge to create a gripping and interesting story. Magic is also used to solve or correct the problems at the end of the play. This can be seen where Shakespeare writes Jack shall have Jill; / Nought shall go ill: / The man shall have his mare again and all shall be well This can also be seen in Pucks final speech, for example Think but this and all is mended The lovers are all as they were except Demetrius who now loves Helena (though this is a good thing); Bottoms head is restored etc. These, when combined form the resolution/conclusion of the play. Without the use of magic, normality would not have been restored. The play would not have had a proper ending. This supports my opinion that magic plays a fundamental and imperative part in the play. Magic is also used to make the lovers happy. Demetrius is made to fall in love with Helena. Consequently, Hermia can marry Lysander, with whom she is in love. This also makes up a critical part of the conclusion another main role. Magic affects the environmental setting in the play. This can be seen when Titania says Therefore the winds, piping to us in void/As in revenge for having sucked up the sea This shows us that the whole of nature has been set off balance by a mere argument between the rulers of the fairies. This shows us the intensity and extent to which magic influences the setting and design of the play. The name of the play, itself suggests the importance of magic. The reference to midsummer at first does not seem significant to the story. Why, then, did Shakespeare include it in the title? The reference to midsummer is actually an inconspicuous clue of the events in the play. Midsummer is widely considered to be a time of magic and mystery. Such tales of fortune personified walking on Earth support this. The fact that this play is set in midsummer contributes to the mysterious effect created by Shakespeare. This seems to be a direct and deliberate indication of magic, before you have even read the first word. Another hint of the content of A Midsummer Nights Dream is the use of the word dream. Dreams are also widely considered to be a magical aspect of life. They are often interpreted and read by those who believe in magic. This, again, seems to suggest that magic will play a crucial role in the play. Even the word night could be interpreted as a reference to magic. Often especially in older writings magic plays a more vital role during the night, i. e. the hours of darkness. This is another obvious hint of magic, situated by Shakespeare before the play begins. This further reference to magic implements the role of magic as a theme in A Midsummer Nights Dream and highlights its criticality to the story as a whole. In fact, Shakespeare actually seems to personify magic. After all, what is Puck? A mischievous being of magic that invokes supernatural events. This again is evidence of the importance of magic. Puck is often the character to inflict magic upon others resulting in a catastrophic yet comedic effect. Without the use of Pucks magic, the lovers would not have ended up falling in love with the wrong people, and as this is the main storyline in A Midsummer Nights Dream I think this is one of the most significant roles that magic plays and proves its necessity to the play. Magic, is therefore a significant factor of A Midsummer Nights Dream. It is woven into most of the subplots and plays an extremely important role in the main plot. In my opinion, it would have been impossible for Shakespeare to have written this play without including magic. Therefore, magic is almost definitely the most important and essential theme of the A Midsummer Nights Dream. Shakespeare impresses this significance on us using all of the story lines in the play. It affects nature, physical appearance and even the mind. Magic is used both positively and negatively throughout the story. It is often the cause of problems, but ultimately it solves them.

Strategic Procurement Issues Inherent In A Hospital Project Construction Essay

Strategic Procurement Issues Inherent In A Hospital Project Construction Essay Health care of the society is the top concern of the government. The government is committed to improving the quality of care of all the people therefore the poor quality of the hospital building became a major concerned. The aim is to restore and improve quality delivery of health services to local community required betterment of the facilities. There are two options available in front of trust and as per the government report; the trust has forty eight months to improve the hospital infrastructure. The chief executive and the head of the estate at trust with the consultation of central government have been provided two options: To renovate the existing building or To build a new hospital on a derelict site, this was formerly used by heavy industry owned by city council. This project is an assessment of the procurement options design and build novation procurement method under the private finance initiative and the issues that awake using the strategy during the project. After examine the carefully and assessing the entire clients (the Trust) requirement, for the proposed hospital, the report recommends building of a new hospital on the derelict site and the use of design and build procurement system. This is because the design and build procurement option offers cost effective, time bound, good quality and sustainable project delivery. The proposed design and build procurement system has the characteristics of achieving the issue of clients requirement appropriately and under the P.F.I. (private finance initiative) will give the best value for money with a focus on the public sector procurement as mentioned in the project brief. It also leads to time savings and achieve value for money and the required quality as per ground situation. The report also assessed the risks using the supply chain management under the scheme of private finance initiative involve in the project and their solution as the success of the project is concerned. Finally an effective supply chain management with T.P.I (Third party inspection) procedure has also been recommended for efficiency in the project delivery in order to meet the quality standard required by the hospital trust. INTRODUCTION This report seeks to address all the strategic construction procurement issues inherent in a hospital project and an appropriate advice given to the chief executive of the trust. The process is to map the effective stakeholders and their influence on the project. There is a brief of the project from initiation through design with drawing of the new build building as required a lot of detailed changes to convert the derelict industry into hospital building to make a proper use of the building as well as to make an appropriate use of the surrounding of the building. The operation and maintenance after construction in long run is major concern for providing a better and superior quality of services therefore design and build novation under P.F.I. is best option available. STATEMENT OF WORK 2.1 Scope of project Client Objectives: The time seems to be major constant as the Trust has given only 48 months of time to improve the structure and facilities and for the Construction of the new hospital building. As the estimate are final to 90 m Pounds the cost is also the major constant for the client obtained the certainty in cost to obtain best value for money with in a focus on the public sector procurement. The quality is also the major concern as the new build site is not developed properly and the trust has to Develop the road works, parking, hard and soft landscaping, drainage and other external works for the use of hospital running, Provision of office accommodation, a restaurant / cafà © area and obviously some form of warehouse and delivery areas. To preserve and develop and make appropriate use of the existing flora and fauna at the site of new build to make it more eco-friendly environment for the hospital patient and working of staff. It has been assumed that the present derelict bridge is just opposite the site of the building and near the flora and fauna to make appropriate use of the derelict pedestrian bridge, it can be develop for the site scene / landscape. s The study prevails that there is an existing mineshaft, which has to be close effectively so that it should not effect the environment of hospital surrounding in the future. There is need to adopt the construction management program to maintain supply chain management for effectively completion of project on time and maintain quality of material used and be in cost effective. Scope of the project Supply chain management procedures to be adopted so that all the material should be procure well in advance for the timely completion of the project and as all the material has to be procure by contractor by T.P.I. (third party inspection) by Independent body has been suggested to maintain the quality if the material used. The client has maintained PEP plan for control and performance measurement Comparison between the New builds site and Old Refurbishment. The following point has been taken to make comparison between New Building by using derelict industry and the Refurbishment of old building as per the client (TRUST Hospital) requirement. The survey team after analysing following points comes to conclusion that the use of new building for the construction of the hospital as an appropriate decision: The Survey team has assumed that the derelict Industry was closed due to competition in market and is not old more than 10 years as the Old hospital is approximately 70 to 80 years old. So structure needs more maintenance after construction It has been analysed that the old building has to be Control demolished which is still not possible with the current running of the hospital in the existing building. As its suggested that ramp should be used in hospital instead of stairs for the movement of patient from one floor to another and even in case of emergency like fire etc, when lifts cant be operate. So the construction of ramp in new building is easy else its very difficult to provide ramp in the old building. The derelict industry site has a wide range of flora and available in its surrounding which is best for the environmental policy of the NHS. From the studies of project brief it has stated that the hospital used for the acute care and accident and emergency so there will be a helipad will be preferred to Trust at the tar macadam area for landing of helicopter in case of emergency services through the helicopter, as well the new build site is well connected to road for quicker services through road as well. The new build site is also have provision for the future extension as the development are taking place in the surrounding area over decades of time. The specialist installation such as heating, ventilation and air condition is easy in new building while during the refurbishment it is quite difficult to replace the new with old one and difficult in after maintenance. Project Stakeholders The stake holders are important part in the overall process of project success so all the beneficial stakeholders are identified related to subject and their influence are clarify properly. As Walker and Marr states that a stakeholder is a term used for individuals or groups who have a connection to or an association with an organisation. They have a stake, claim, or vested interest in the day to day operation of the Project. The only way of business to know their value will be to determine exactly who their stakeholders areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..and to ask them. The urgency to adapt to stakeholder power and leverage it as a business strategy is not just a business fad; it is a winning approach and the more satisfying way to do business - WIN WIN Solution. A commitment to sustainability is broader, deeper and of substantially greater strategic value to a company than merely reporting on environmental outcomes. One goal of sustainability initiative is to realize long term business benefits by building non-financial performance measures- issues key stakeholders care about into business processes. When we have gained commitment from our stakeholders, it enhances our business performance, growth and higher stock value over time. All stakeholders may be important, but nobody said they were all equal. (Walker and Marr, 2001) Extended Stakeholderism The customers, employees, and owner, or investor would consider the immediate, or core, stakeholders because these are the one we live with every day. But as in our families we have close relation with and obligation to the rest of the family as well the extended stakeholder of the business. Business depend upon on forging powerful relationship with what we would call extended stakeholders, those individuals outsides an organization beyond customers who are important to the business, such as suppliers, alliance partners, community leaders, the media , and the government. Immediate Stakeholders Extended Stakeholders Individual investors Institutional investors Customers Employees Unions Suppliers Alliances Partners Industry associations Local communities Consumer/ user association Special interest group Media Government regulators Competitors Outside board directors The general public (Beyond local communities) Financial Analysis Lenders Education leaders The Status of Stakeholder Loyalty There is value in evaluating and classifying stakeholders according to different levels of commitment to the project. Survey research can/has determine peoples position regarding the firm and their loyalty to it. Their answers can/has used to position the stakeholders on a spectrum of: . How positive or negative they feel towards the firm and . How likely or unlikely they are to remain loyal or continue supporting the firm in the future. We would normally people in a simple matrix. There are four possible combination of high and low attitude and behavior in this matrix, so we can segment the stakeholders as being truly loyal, accessible, trapped, or high risk Behaviour Positive Negative Truly Loyal Accessible Trapped High Risk High ATTITUDE Low The successful stakeholder relationship passes through four stages, called the Four Gates of Engagement: Awareness, Knowledge, Admiration, Action. (Walker and Marr, 2001) Recognition of project through from initiation through design, construction, operation, and maintenance and their consequent impact on the project procurement issue As the new build site has proposed the following points are suggested for the construction As there was a mine shaft present in the surrounding of the site so a case study has been done to investigate the Bearing capacity of soil for the construction of the hospital building. The design is be eco-friendly basis on the following points: Their should be proper ventilation and natural Light and air arrangement for the patient health and to keep staff working spirit up for efficient working. The CLC (cellular light weight concrete) blocks are hollow and hence will help in maintaining the internal temp of the room and also help in reducing sound level as hollow blocks are good insulator of heat and sound. As CLC blocks are also help to eliminate the crack between the brick and concrete and hence it will lead to less maintenance in future better value for money. The large tar macadam area, surrounding the site should be developed as the helipad so that the emergency cases can be carry through the helicopter easily and further land will be used for the recreational activities of the staff. The derelict bridge can be developing for pedestrian to cross the road as the adjacent arterial road will become more congested during peak periods. Risks Miler and lessard (2001) states that the successful projects are not selected but shaped with risk resolution in mind. Risk is the possibility that event, their resulting impact and dynamic interactions may turn out differently that anticipated and construction is nothing special compared with other industries because we simply carry out projects to a specified timescale using teams of specialist for design and construction by marshalling appropriate resources to overcome the physical and technical power involved. So to manage risk is most important for the successful completion of project in Time to keep certainty in cost and achieve the appropriate quality. RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS RISK ASSESSMENT IDENTIFYING HAZARDS Assess probability and consequences Priorities Risk control measure Remove Contractually Insurance Retain Self finance Reduce Eliminate/substitute Reduce chance Reduce effect Residual risk RISK MANAGEMENT Risk management Process (Gunn 2008) To monitor the risk, the risk register should be maintained at site RISK REGISTER Item Description Risk Without control Controls Residual risk Action H M L Cost Impact Time impact` Others (CIOB (2002) (Chartered Institute of building code of practice for project management, 3rd edition. Blackwell edition) PROCUREMENT RISK Procurement Method Balance of Risk Client Contractor Traditional Lump sum Client Led design and built Contractor -led design and built Management contractor Construction management Contractor Finance (PFI) Finance Design Construction Finance Design Construction Finance Design Construction Finance Design Construction Finance Design Construction Finance Design Construction Hughes and Murdoch (2000) states that the apportionment of risk in design and build contracts is unique among procurement methods. This uniqueness is brought about by the single point responsibility and by the nature of the relationship between employers requirement and contractors proposal. The following points are considered for risk management in Design and built: Money Completion of the project Default by employer or contractor Time Quality Measurement of performance and benchmarked Akintoye, Beck and Hardcastle (2003) indicated the PEP plan is a live, dynamic management document that records the project strategy, organisation, control procedure and responsibilities. It is updated regularly during the projects life cycle and used by all parties both as a means of communication and as a control and performance measurement tool. Value management and other activities lead to the completion of various reports that are contained in the PEP. Examples of items that PEP should contain are: The options appraisal incorporating the clients value system. The user needs the strategic brief. The performance statement of all aspects of the project, the project brief The project execution strategy The form of contract, partnering agreement, etc The contract specifications / drawings etc Project reporting procedure and particularly the procedure for information distribution, and communication, between the clients project team consultant and the contractor The executive summaries and action plan from value management workshop reports The risk management strategy and latest risk analysis The required completion date including for any phase Holroyd (2003) considered that this is not about lowest price, but ultimately about best overall value for money. Partnering implies selection on the basis of attitude to team working, ability to innovate and to other efficient solutions. We think that it offers a much more satisfying role for most people engaged in construction and the introduction of performance measurement and competition against clear targets for improvement, in terms of quality, timeliness and cost, as the principal means of sustaining and bringing discipline to the relationship between clients, project team and their suppliers. The evidence we have seen is that these relationship, when conducted properly, are much more demanding and rewarding than those based on competitive tendering. There are important issue here, particularly for the public sector. He also consider Latham Report that effective partnering between client and contractor with teamwork and a win-win approach helped to bring the Sizewell nuclear p ower station to completion on time and within budget. But there is still scope of improvement in productivity and cost reduction, especially if design and construction team could be kept together. Akintoye, Beck and Hardcastle (2003) consider that PFI is the principle model of PPPs in the UK NHS. Procurement Route: To choose an appropriate procurement strategy is most important to achieve value for money, cost certainty and in time and of best quality. Holroyd (2003) states that clients who know what they want, who do not change their minds, and who states clearly what they want, tend to procure projects that do represent value for money. As Masterman states that the formulation of the most appropriate strategy is one of the most important tasks that the client has to undertake the projects life. The project strategy consist of a number of sub strategic areas, which needs to be examines in detail so that appropriate decisions can be taken as to which sub strategy should be adopted. The following points should include: Milestone schedule time; Quality; Financial objectives, funding and cost planning The role of the client and the third parties; The client project objectives; Environmental issues; Safety; Legal and insurance issues; Technical and design philosophy Project/ work breakdown structure; Risk management; Project constraints; Public relation/ communication The appropriate method of procurement mostly depends upon the following: Whether the organisation is publicly or private owned or funded The level of knowledge and experience within the organisation in dealing with the construction industry and implementing building project. Whether the project is needed by the client to accommodated his/her own industrial or commercial activities or whether the project is needed to lease, or sell, to other. The activities carried out by the organisation and the resulting project typology. Categorisation of building procurement System: Separated Integrated Management Discretionary Oriented The Conventional System Design Variation British partnering of Property Build Design Federation Build System Package Develop Construction Deals Management Turnkey Construct Management Design Contracting Manage Design and Build In DB there is a single point responsibility for both the design and construction of the project. The clients benefits from the contractors expertise early in the project. Research (Gidado and arshi 2004) suggest that there may be as a many as six versions of design and build. For instance, Rawlinson (2008) reports on the recent successful use of develop and construction with a two stage tender and tendering arrangement, a novated design, open book accounting and with the risk and value benefits of a Collaborative approach all on the same project. Types of Design Build Arrangement Extreme Variety A Employer led Design Develop and construct Design and Build (Single stage tender) Z Contractor led design Design and build (two -stage tender) Negotiated design and build Design and manage Turnkey The client may wish to provide the contractor with minimal information in the form of an outline brief. This will leave the design and built contractor fully responsible for the conceptual and detail design in order to meet the employer requirements. An alternative twist on develop and construct, is to novate the architect or design team to the contractor once the contract has been awarded. This variant is known as novation design and build because the clients architect, and may be other member of the design team, are legally passed over to the contractor in order to produce the detailed aspects of the design. The novation arrangement should be agreed with the architect when he is first appointed. In this way, the client will maintain an interest in the design but the contractor will pay the continuing design fees through to contract completion and become responsible for the entire design. The Tender documents will contain details of the clients consultation and the proposed novation procedure, together with a requirement that the contractor who is eventually awarded the contract will have to accept responsibility for the total design of the project, including the initial work carried out under the clients aegis. In other words it is as if the consultants by the contractor, including the level of fees, have been predetermined by the client, although normally this is a matter for negotiation between the contractor and the design team. DESIGN AND BUILD CLIENT LED DESIGN RELATIONSHIP The Team being novated to DB Contractor . (WILEY-BLACKWELL, 3rd edition, construction planning, programming and control 2009: 32) Procurement strategy The choice of building procurement systems available to clients is now so wide that the need to carry out the selection of the most appropriate method depends upon the critically study of the clients (TRUST) requirement in a disciplined and objective manner. (Masterman 2006) The procurement of a construction is chosen upon the clients project requirement and a balance between time, quality and cost. After considering entire client requirements critically and the forecast budget. JCT Design and Build novated system contract is most appropriate for the construction of hospital for the trust as According to International Commission on building (CIB W92) the procurement process is a strategy to satisfy clients development and/ or operational needs with respect to the provision of constructed facilities fro a discrete life cycle. (Masterman 2006:26) Under the JCT 05 design and build conditions, it is perhaps worth noting the practice that the employer identified a design team and the same team will become the contractors team once the contractors is appointed under a design and build form of contract and the payment terms may be either stage payments or periodic payment. Periodic payments are normally monthly, whereas stage payments are based on agreed cumulative values linked to stages or milestone as stated in the contract particulars. The payments period from the payment request date is specified in the contract as 14 days. (Davison 2006) We can write it as the option chosen for the design and build is on the cost effective and time management as steffen and Jeffery in Stakeholder Power states that as proven by the corporate raiders, one of the fastest means of raising stock value is to boost profit by cutting costs. This ushered in the era of crash dieting by large companies also known as reengineering or downsizing. (Walker and Marr 2001) The Procurement strategy is chosen on the basis of following criteria noted in the NEDO report. NEDO has suggested eight procurement factors to be considered at the procurement stage. Of these, the three main considerations are: Cost certainty of the market price at the bid submission and final account stages. Time the overall timing of the project from inception to completion. Quality the clients required standard of design and workmanship as expressed in the specification. Five other considerations were also highlighted as being influential on the choice of the procurement route. These are: Complexity Complexity of the building design, layout and services provision. Controllable variation How sure is the client of his requirements? The cost of variation of the contract may prove difficult to agree and assess. Degree of completion Does the client wish to create competition at the design and construction stage of the project? Client Responsibility Does the client wish to be directly involved in the decision making during the project. Risk in the project Commercial risk, occupation risk, design and construction risk. Taking the following factors into account, decisions has made in relation to: Choice of appropriate Procurement strategy for managing the contract (JCT- Design and Build) The Clients requirement stated in the Task Considering the clients brief and assessing the projects feasibility Considering the Project Finance Decided how to procure and manage the design and construction Considering the realistic time period for the overall project. (Williams and Cooke 2009) As the time period is of high priority and the early starting of the project is the must as the Clients required the project to be: Completed as quickly as possible (because time is money a month delay in project not even counted the construction charges but also a lot of overhead and industrial charges also) Completed by specific date (that must be achieved to ensure the govt about the proper running of the hospital) Completed on time once it commence (with no time slippage by starting the project at once under design and build procurement method) 50 40 35% 30% 30 25 % 20 6% 10 2% 2% 0 JCT98 JCT JCT JCT JCT Other Standard Intermediate Minor with Management Form Form Works Contractors + Agreement Design Major Projects SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT HOLROYDS (2003) suggest that the supply chain role is critical to achieving sustained improvement and forward thinking. In the context of extensive sub-contracting this is perhaps more so. Partnering, correctly implemented, will provide benefits comparable to those obtained by the integrated project process. (Trevor M. Holroyd, Buildability, Thomas Telford Publishing, Thomas Telford Ltd, 1 Heron Quay, London 2003) Some major clients have assembled their own standing lists of preferred suppliers according to requirement of their projects so that their project can be managed on a more long term and integrated basis while retaining an appropriate degree of competition and control. These suppliers or supply chain partners, include architects, engineers, main contractors, specialist contractors and suppliers of a variety of goods and services. The supply chain can be defined as the entire chain of processes that exist between the point at which a need for goods or services arises to the point at which the end user receives them and payment is made to the supplier. Problem is that one part of the chain impact directly on all subsequent stages, and proactive management of the supply chain is therefore fundamental to providing an efficient and effective procurement services to the organisation. (Cooke and Williams 2009) The contractor should be given the whole responsibility for the procurement of all material under the contract and a T.P.I (Third party Inspection by Individual body Trust) must be considered to achieve the best quality of material procurement. The essential point here is that the supply chain links, all the activities between suppliers and customers in a timely manner. The material will be procured at least 8 weeks before the schedule of use to maintain progress in time. Adversarial Relationship Collaborative Relationship Fragmented Lack of Process Customer Processes Customer Focus integration Satisfaction The role of SCM (supply chain Management) addressing the key problems in construction. (Fewings 2005) Cooke and Williams 2009 describes that the fast track system as a management approach aimed at the early completion of the construction phase using a combination of innovative procurement methods, industrialisation of the construction process and the use of work package contractors in order to benefits from their expertise, especially as regards their design input. The benefits of system include: Overlapping of work package both during design and construction Less duplication of effort and waste Less uncertainty and inefficiency at work package interface The use of innovative construction methods Incorporation of cutting edge technologies More emphasis on the standardisation, pre-assembly and modularisation of the construction process As a consequence, the fast-track system has the propensity to deliver completed projects in remarkable timescales. Identification and justification of relevant forms The purpose if this work is to examine the standard forms of contract most commonly used in the construction industry today. Standard forms look in at least three directions at once. One of these is towards the wider law, be it the law of contract, and be it statute law or common law, with its constant accretion arising out of decided cases. In addition all of this forms considered are entire co