A Dismiss Affirmative Action - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2103 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Affirmative Action Essay Did you like this example?   Race relations, including that of affirmative action, have arguably been the most divisive and hotly contested issue in contemporary American politics. Many people feel that affirmative action is necessary to either counteract injustices or ensure the advancement of certain minorities. Affirmative action proponents generally point to four justifications; namely, these are racism, poverty, diversity, and underrepresentation in higher office positions. However, there is evidence to show that affirmative action has become a form of discrimination in and of itself through college acceptance rates and workplace quotas. Affirmative Action is an archaic government program that caters to those that are longer in need of help based on evidence that is no longer accurate or relevant. The process of adjusting the playing field through affirmative action might do more harm than good and muddy, instead of fix, the racial picture. One of the best articulations of this point comes from a story told by Clarence Thomas, which is related to us in an essay by Juan Williams in his essay A Question of Fairness: Thomas told me a story from his boyhood to illustrate what fairness means to him. He was on the back porch, playing blackjack for pennies with some other boys. As the game went on, one boy kept winning. Thomas finally saw how: the cards were marked. The game was stopped. There were angry words. Cards were thrown. From all sides, fast fists snatched back lost money. There could be no equitable redistribution of the pot. The strongest, fastest hands, including those of the boy who had been cheating, got most of the pile of pennies. Some of the boys didnt get their money back. The cheater was threatened. The boys who snatched pennies that they had not lost were also threatened. But no one really wanted to fight they wanted to keep playing cards. So a different deck was brought out and shuffled, and the game resumed with a simple promise of no more cheating.(Williams 5) Williams explains how Thomas felt that story is like race relations in America. The end of the cheating, according to Thomas, was the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Dismiss Affirmative Action" essay for you Create order The dispute now is how and whether the government should return the pennies to their rightful owners, generally seen as minorities including blacks, Hispanics, Women, and Native Americans (Williams 5) If whites, the majority, living today were the equivalent of the boy who had the marked deck or the older boys who had stolen the pennies, then the answer to this dilemma would be easier. However, the vast majority if not all whites living today received little to no benefit from either slavery or segregation. In fact, most Americans and their ancestors immigrated to America many years after the end of slavery, themselves both uneducated and poor. These other immigrant groups didnt use or need government programs in order for them to get along economically. While not denying that minorities have been cheated, one must acknowledge that, as previously established, whites in America today bear little resemblance to the hooligans at the card game. This is especially true since many white im migrants were far more likely to be discriminated against themselves by those who benefited from segregation and slavery than to be among those sharing in the wealth. Another argument against affirmative action is that race is a poor indicator of hardships. While the average white person has a higher income and more net worth than the average black or Hispanic, there are plenty of poor white people and wealthy black people.   To assume that blacks are poor and whites are rich solely on the basis of race, which may be statistically accurate, ignores differences between individuals within groups. Since differences within groups are always larger than differences between the average members of differing groups, this type of grouping is unfair. Most applications for jobs and colleges require information about an applicants finances anyway, there is no more reason for them to assume poverty on the basis of race. Even if classifying economic disadvantage by race was justified in the 1960s during the Civil Rights movement, many argue that this is no longer the case. Blacks have vastly improved their position over the past several decades. Blacks earning over $50,000 a year have become the fastest growing income group in America. The result of this is that since the 1960s, the percentage of affluent black Americans has doubled. In some cases, blacks are even doing better than whites. In two-parent households where both parents are college educated and both parents work, black families on average make more money than white families. Given this, it seems that problems peculiar to this minority group may be becoming obsolete. Lino Graglia says Not all blacks, and not only blackshave been disadvantaged (Grapes, 48). Since statistics indicate that blacks are getting closer and closer to the average income, many believe that it now makes more sense to base preferences on socioeconomic status. This way, whites who are as disadvantaged as the blacks that affirmative action is intended to help would be benefited while ensuring that middle and upper-class blacks with no right to preferential treatment are not swept up in the diversity frenzy. This would provide a true adjustment while reducing the racial tensions caused by preferences. This would also ensure reasonable numbers of minority students while providing opportunity to students of all races, which is really the point (Grapes 59). The case for socioeconomic affirmative action is especially compelling because according to Lino A. Graglia, very few children of the underclass, white or black, end up applying to the competitive institutions where affirmative action is used (Grapes, 48). This leaves us in the position of giving preference to middle-class blacks over middle-class whites. If we really want to help persons who are disadvantaged, we might do well to use socioeconomic status, which might have a better predictive value of disadvantage. Many who acknowledge inequities in America and acknowledge the need for corrective measures question the wisdom of giving preferences to members of the emerging black middle and upper classes. If race doesnt necessarily correlate with a disadvantage, then maybe there is another index to use to determine disadvantage when considering job or college applications. Plous states that because racial minorities are at a disadvantage that there is a need for a correction. However, he concludes his point by stating that unless pre-existing inequities are corrected or otherwise taken into account, color-blind policies do not eliminate racial injustice-they reinforce it. (Plous, 2) Plous, however, gives no reason why these inequities could not be otherwise taken into account by looking at other factors, such as socioeconomic status. While some might argue that there are disadvantages independent of socioeconomic status that disproportionately affect minorities, it should be noted that almost all college applications already request information about the applicants family structure. Likewise, it should also be noted that the vast majority of college applicants (and virtually anybody who has any claim of being disadvantaged) provide detailed reports of their financial status to the colleges that they apply to in the form of financial aid applications such as The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). Thus, all the information that is needed to make an intelligent assessment of an applicants disadvantage is already provided in college applications and could be used to make an intelligent assessment of an applicants disadvantage without resorting to race. Since race is sometimes a poor indicator of disadvantage, there is no reason to give automatic advantages to a minority applicant just for checking a box corresponding to their skin color. Despite the fact that SAT scores correlate well with grades in college, some minority advocates and affirmative action supporters claim that they are biased against certain groups. While it is undeniable that different groups perform differently, racial bias is unlikely to be the cause. Statistics from the College Board indicate that the SAT actually predicts college performance for minorities more accurately than it predicts performance for whites (DSouza 44). Even if the standardized tests really did have terms that were less familiar to stude nts of certain races, its still not clear that the tests are at fault. According to College Board President Donald Steward, who is black, standardized tests are preparation for words and terms and ideas that students are likely to encounter, whatever their cultural background. (DSouza 44) In other words, even if they arent familiar with test materials, maybe they should be. According to these findings, SAT scores really do predict performance in college, especially for minorities. An examination of the disparities in SAT scores might shed some light on why socioeconomic status might be a good index. An examination of SAT scores by gender, race, and school types shows that Asians are a good example of how the SAT is not racially biased. In 1998, the average Asian score on the math portion of the SAT was 562, 50 points higher than the national average, and 34 points higher than the average white score. While some groups did score lower than others, these differences were not significantly larger than the differences between males and females on the math portion, or the differences between students at public, parochial, and independent schools. This suggests that disparities in SAT scores are just as related to the types of schools that students go to (dictated mostly by socioeconomic status) as they are by race. It is indeed very possible that the disparities between the races are caused mostly by the disproportionate numbers of certain races that go to public schools for economic, not racial reasons. Keeping this in mind, it might be better to give preferences based on socioeconomic status or even the type of school that a student attends rather than race. Affirmative action distributes educational resources in a way contrary to what is scientifically proven to provide the greatest return on the investment of resources. Grades and test scores have been shown to correlate strongly with performance in college (Study: SAT .). The SAT has been reworked over decades in an attempt to predict performance in college. Statistical studies have shown that there is no better predictor of performance in college than SAT scores. While some compromise between the efficiency of using SAT scores to distribute resources, and addressing class differences in America might be necessary, I believe that a fair result could be achieved through socioeconomic preferences. The only way that the loss of efficiency that results from going against scientifically proven methods of determining who would perform the best in a job or school could be justified is if there was proof that including persons under an affirmative action plan somehow results in an increase in efficiency greater than the decrease due to improper utilization of the resources. While there are anecdotal claims that diversity benefits everybody, nobody has been able to provide a large body of research proving that there is a substantive benefit. By contrast, there is much evidence that shows that those admitted with inferior credentials under affirmative action have a higher rate of dropout and delinquency than the general student population. Therefore, from a utilitarian perspective, affirmative action causes inefficient use of educational recourses. In addition to hurting white and Asian students, there is evidence that affirmative action may also have an adverse effect on the minorities that supposedly benefit from it. There are some who believe that affirmative action policies discourage minority achievement. Edward Blum, Chairman of the Campaign for a Color-Blind America Legal Defense and Educational Foundation says that while he admits that poor performance of minorities on standardized tests is due to poor education in minority neighborhoods, that he believes the solution is harder work and commitment on the part of those same minority students. He points to the fact that there have been countless studies and they all say the same thing- tests like the SAT are a highly reliable predictor of academic success. According to his article, no other variable grades, essays, leadership qualities or overcoming hardships so closely correlates to the likelihood of graduation from a particular college as does the SAT (Blum, 1999).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The fact is that affirmative action has outlived its usefulness and does more damage than good. It has been shown to make unfair placements in both colleges and the workforce in order to increase a diversity that provides no pragmatic boon. Not only that, but there is far less socioeconomic need for the program as well, with minorities gaining economically as well as socially. This leads to those of the majority paying for the mistakes of a minority within their own group, which is just as discriminatory and unfair.

How Violence Leaves a Mark in Veena Das’ Life and Words...

Veena Das’ Life and Words is an attempt to capture the way in which major â€Å"events† reside in the recesses of everyday life. Drawing mainly from the aftermath of the Partition of India in 1947 and the assassination of Indira Gandhi in 1984, Das explores the way violence leaves its mark on the people it touches, how it affects them at the immediate moment, and how it is carried through various forms of memory and silence into their everyday lives. Das also addresses that the manner in which the nation-state dealt with and constructed the violence of events also shapes the moments of and after violence, and the way these events inhabit the everyday life. The relation of the event and the everyday is understood in terms of how a number of†¦show more content†¦Das engages with the two instances of violence at the time of the Partition and the 1984 riots in the way they affected individual lives. Through Life and Words, the readers are able to see the kinds of c onnection and relations one builds during these events within communities, the kinds of â€Å"othering† that happens among communities and the way gender affects these relations. Individual lives and narratives about the ways individuals locate themselves within communities and vis-à  -vis other communities and how communities position individuals are the basis Das gives for understanding collective and individual relations. One of the most important institutions that Das explores within these is the nation-state and the ways in which it constructs individuals, communities, male and female citizens and how it constructs itself within these categories. These relations culminate in the relation between the event and the everyday. The event is a collective affair, while the everyday life is relatively individual. The event affects the individual through the collective, and yet I view this relation as slippery because there are no differentiating lines that separate the collecti ve and the individual; one seeps into the other. What I find prominent is that even though the event is collective, the violence afflicted is on the body of the individual and in a lot of ways, dealing withShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesPerspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian

Coke and Pepsi free essay sample

Pepsi net revenue sales are 39,474. They had a 12. 34% increase (39,474 – 35,137 = 4,337) 4,337/35,137=12. 34% V) Coca-Cola recognizes revenue upon shipment when the title or receipts, based on specific sales terms of the company’s products are transferred to partners, resellers, retailers and other customers. No right of return except for defects related to manufacturing. Customer incentives are deducted. Pepsi recognizes revenue upon shipment or delivery to their customers based on written sales terms that do not allow for right of return, however their policy is to replace damaged and out-of-date products from store shelves to ensure that customers receive the product quality and freshness that they expect. Similarly, their policy for warehouse-distributed products is to replace damaged and out-of-date products. Based on their historical experience with this practice, they have reserved for anticipated damaged and out-of-date products. The revenue recognition for each company is very similar as to when title transfers and to what returns are acceptable. We will write a custom essay sample on Coke and Pepsi or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pepsi mentions store shelves for their retailers and how those returns are accepted.

Technology and Culture Essay Sample free essay sample

Technology has had an outstanding consequence on traditional civilizations through out the universe over the last century. The development of engineering due to the globalization has a major impact on the universe particularly it has changed the traditional civilization and methods of communicating. transit and instruction. Different types of engineerings are used for assorted grounds in twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours life. The developments of engineering interruption up the international bounds and open up a new way to civilization changing globalisation to happen. New technological promotion has a greater impact on instruction in a traditional civilization and it has opened the doors non merely to instruction but besides on employment chances as good ( Musawi 2011 ) . He besides stresses that the people around the Earth have become much closer due to the technological development over the past decennaries. It is a true fact that innovation of new engineerings such as digita l media brings everyone closer together around the universe. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology and Culture Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even though due to the technological development has changed the manner of thought and life forms of the people through out the universe. However the result of the development of engineering affects traditional manner of people’s lives in both negative and positive ways. Early epoch people used to pass their glorious clip with their households and now people spend more clip on cyberspace and societal networking such as Facebook. MySpace and Twitter. Gilyarewskii ( 2007 ) states that modern twenty-four hours kids are wholly different than pre computing machine age kids. Unlike pre computing machine age kids who were originative with their work and had avocations like roll uping casts. go through the leisure clip with their equals but the modern twenty-four hours kids spend more clip on computing machine games. societal networking and cyberspace. In fact engineering plays a critical function in development of communicating. transit and instruction on any civilization. Due to the globalisation the universe has shrunk in to one planetary small town. The chief ground for this is the technological promotion in the universe. This has a immense impact on communicating methods in today’s universe. People all around the universe can cognize what’s go oning in the other corners of universe in the visible radiation of velocity due to these promotions. The traditional methods of pre historic worlds were chiefly dependent on marks drawings and animate beings hence the traditional methods were slow and unreliable. Modern communicating systems have changed the manner that people communicate with one another ( Vijaylakshmi et al 2006 ) . These new engineerings allow people to pass on in effectual and advanced ways. Nowadays most people spend their clip on cyberspace and nomadic phones. which that they used to pass on reading intelligence documents and garnering with their household members. Tendencies towards cyberspace activities and nomadic phone use have besides resulted in dramatic down incline in traditional media use such as newspapers and societal assemblage. Earlier day’s people used to pass on through letters and wires. even pre historic age people used to pass on by utilizing animate beings such as birds. Nowadays computing machines are dominant in everyplace. even in developing states such as India whose mean income is far less than developed states ( Vijaylakshmi et al 2006 ) . In the present state of affairs. Internet is going the chief communicating method that is progressively going more deep rooted into twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours life and impacting upon the traditional civilization. However the development of engineering it has some down side effects on traditional civilizations. As stated by Madzingira traditional communities in Africa they chiefly relied on unwritten. face to confront type of communicating ( Madzingira 2001 ) . This manner of communicating is really effectual than electronic relationship because it is more emotional may non do the societal isolation. Second. the development of transit has bes ides consequence the civilization in many ways. During the twentieth century rapid growing of transit creates batch of benefits for people through out the universe. Transportation system affects every facet of people in any civilization. It has a cardinal impact on life forms. growing of economic system in a state. Over the past decennaries. car industry and route buildings were extremely developed in some developing states such as in India. As a consequence it creates more environmental pollution. traffic over crowding and high energy ingestion. Harmonizing to Baidya et Al ( 2009 ) they have stated that India is the biggest cause of environment pollution due to its modern system of transit. However everyone has non received the same benefits from the promotion of transit and investings. as an illustration holding a main road following door is non good to person who does non have a vehicle ( Baidya et al 2009 ) . However. the development of transit creates more benefit for the economic system and growing of the cultural facets. As an illustration due to the new transit methods such as air transit it helps people to go around the Earth without any vacillation. Olubomehin ( 2012 ) states that the development of route t ransit in Nigeria helps to increase the economic system. agricultural production and impacted positively on urbanization procedure. He farther states that it creates batch of employment chances for the people and besides boosted commercial and trading activities. Nevertheless development of modern transit system makes life so much easier than early yearss. It brings everyone around the universe much closer. Finally. engineering has a greater impact on development of instruction in traditional civilizations. Today. although kids are utilizing computing machines. laptops. and other assorted engineerings that allow them to research and research their surveies more easy. Over the last twosome of decennaries engineering has become less expensive and more dependable method in instruction. For case on-line instruction plays a critical function in higher surveies. Musawi ( 2011 ) stresses that engineering is altering the manner the instructors teach and pupils learn. Earlier day’s pupils spend more clip at the category room and the library for researching and analyzing. With the development of engineering they are off from category suites and more in to the on-line instruction ( Gilyarewskii 2007 ) . She states that most kids can non last without nomadic phones and cyberspace. As a consequence immature coevals is confronting a deficiency of physical communicating with others. personal is sues. and falling societal accomplishments. It can be argued that the kids who are utilizing modern engineering are more educated and knowing than others. Chinnamai ( 2005 ) argued that the effects of new engineering on instruction bring rapid development in larning systems across India. The rise of new engineering is determining the future kids into intelligent people with a broad scope of accomplishments and cognition to use to competitory. information based society ( Chinnamai 2005 ) . She farther provinces that the developing states and 3rd universe states face a grating trouble to implement these new technological methods due to the deficiency of substructure and inadequate of financess. Although the new engineering has many advantages to the pupil it besides degrades the societal bonding of one another. The pupils have no originative accomplishments and thoughts since everything can be found on cyberspace. This is contradictory to the past traditional methods of instruction. where pupils chiefly relied on books. reading. instructors and their aged household members. Students at present pass more clip utilizing cyberspace on societal media and bookman web sites than prosecuting in twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours activities with their household and friends . This affects them physically every bit good as mentally. On the other manus these methods are faster. more dependable and efficient. Consequently. the developed engineering has greater impact on traditional cultural methods of many twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours activities and there are advantages and disadvantages due to this. Yet one can reason that the new engineering is the most of import thing in a extremely globalized universe which fundamentally has the whole universe relies upon that. It is a fact that the development of engineering has had a important impact on traditional civilizations through out the universe. Mentions Baidya. S. Kleefeld. B 2009. Atmospheric emanations from route transit in India. Energy policy. World Wide Web. elsevier. com/locate/enpol Chinnammai. S 2005. Effectss of globalisation on instruction and civilization. University of Madras. India.hypertext transfer protocol: //www. openpraxis. com/files/Article % 20252. pdf Gilyarevskii. R S 2007. Information civilization in higher instruction. Scientific and proficient information processing. vol. 34. pp. 40-43. Department of the interior: 10. 3103/S0147688207010066 O’Donoghue. J. Caswell. S. Singh. G 2008. A survey in to the effects of information engineering in instruction. Technology in instruction. pp. 1-10. hypertext transfer protocol: //auc. uow. edu. au/conf/conf00/papers/auc2000_odonoghue. pdf Vijayalakshmi. P. Bhavani. V 2006. Internet usage. Indian civilization and gender fluctuations. Media Asia. vol. 33. pp. 202.

The importance of water as a b essays

The importance of water as a b essays Water is the most available compound on earth and is essential to life itself, without water, Earth would not exist. Water is a major component of cells, typically forming between 70 and 95% of the mass of the cell. This means that we are made approximately 80% water by mass, with some soft bodied creature, such as the jellyfish, are made of up to 96% of water. Water is the up-most important compound covering 75% of Earth, where it provides an environment for organisms to live in. Water itself is a simple molecule made up of 2 hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, H2O. The hydrogen and oxygen atoms are bonded covalently via a shared pair of electrons. Thus there are 4 pairs of electrons surrounding the oxygen atom, two pairs involved in covalent bonds with hydrogen, and unshared pairs on the opposite side of the oxygen atom. Oxygen is an electronegative atom compared with hydrogen. Covalent bonds are formed by sharing electrons in the outer shelves of the quantum shells, however in the case of water the large number of protons in the oxygen nucleus have a stronger attraction for these shared electrons than the comparatively tiny hydrogen nuclei. As a result pulling the electrons slightly closer to the oxygen atom giving it a partial negative charge (ƒÔ-) due to these unshared electrons, and partial positive charges (ƒÔ+) to the hydrogen atoms. This shows that water is a  ¡polar ¡ molecule, meaning that there is an uneven distribution of elec tron density. An electrostatic attraction between the partial positive charges of the hydrogen atoms and the slight negative charge of the oxygen results in the formation of a weak hydrogen bond as shown in the above illustration. Water is an unusual yet important molecule, mostly due to its hydrogen bonds; its properties allow it to react as a solvent, a reactant, as a molecule with cohesive properties, as an environment and as a temperature stabiliser! Water can separate covalently bon...

Effects on economic efficiency of government price controls and taxes Term Paper

Effects on economic efficiency of government price controls and taxes - Term Paper Example The marginal gain is the extra benefit to a consumer from the usage of one extra unit of the service and good. The overall quantity a consumer surplus in any market is equivalent to the region beneath the demand curve and over the market price. This region shows the gain to consumers in surplus of the price they exchanged for a commodity. In the diagram below consumer surplus is represented by region A where it is above market price of ? 5 and the units sold which amount 5,000. Source: (Sexton, 2010) Producer Surplus Producer surplus refers to the distinction amid the least price a company would have been eager to allow and the price the company actually obtains. The overall quantity of the producer surplus in a market is equivalent to the region above the market surplus curve and beneath the price in the market. The supply curve illustrates the eagerness of companies to supply a commodity at various prices. Firms will be willing to supply an extra unit of a commodity only where they obtain a price equivalent to the extra price of production of that unit. Marginal cost is the extra cost to a company of making one extra unit of a product or service. Normally, the marginal cost of making a product rises as additional products are made in a given time period. The diagram below shows the relationship between the consumer surplus and the producer surplus. The producer surplus on a demand curve is found below the consumer surplus and above the supply curve. Source: (Sexton, 2010) A competitive market is one which has numerous buyers and sellers. One of the advantages of a market system is that it leads into effectual results. In a competitive equilibrium the marginal benefit is equivalent to the marginal cost where equilibrium leads to an economical effectual level of outcome in a competitive market. On the other hand, deadweight loss refers to a situation where the cost of a product is above the average or equilibrium price, economic surplus is below what it could b e at the equilibrium price. The decrease in the economic surplus emanating from the market which is not in a competitive equilibrium is what is known as the deadweight loss. The diagram below shows the deadweight loss on a demand and supply curve. Source: (Sexton, 2010) Economic Surplus and Economic Efficiency As mentioned earlier consumer surplus gives the dimension of the benefits to customers from purchasing a specific type of good while the producer surplus provides the dimension of the benefits to firms from merchandising a specific commodity. Thus economic surplus is now the total of the benefits to the company plus the benefits to individual consumers. This is normally the most efficient measure of the advantage to the community from the manufacture of a product or service. Equilibrium in the aggressive market leads into the highest quantity of economic surplus or the entire gain to the community from the manufacture of product or service. In the diagram below the blue and th e brown region represents the economic surplus. Source: (Sexton, 2010) Economic efficiency on the other hand refers to the market results where the marginal gain to consumers of the final produced unit is equivalent to its marginal production cost and where the total of consumer surplus and that of producer surplus is at its highest best (Sexton, 2010). It must be noted that not every person is better off in case a market is

Inquiry into Samsung Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Inquiry into Samsung - Essay Example Samsung group has grown through acquisitions and mergers like the move to buy DongHwa department store in 1963 and two years later the acquisition of Saena paper industry followed. Samsung electronics were established by Samsung group in the year 1969. However, it was in the 1970s when Samsung made a decision to enter into industries petrochemical, heavy and chemical industries. This was followed by the establishment of a new Samsung shipping company. The Samsung heavy industry was established in 1973. The Samsung group procured Daesung heavy industry to develop the Samsung shipbuilding company. Samsung precision, which was later renamed to Techwin, was established in the same year. Samsung was rising at an extremely high speed and expanding its influence to expanding its industrial influence and empire. This positioned the company to the present day growth culture. Samsung group is known to be one of the companies that are leading in innovation. The company has been introducing the latest Smartphone and has increased its market share by introducing superior products like Smartphone and tablets. The growth of this multinational has been gradual but steadfast. Samsung was founded in the year 1938 by Byung-Chull. The company used to export fruits, vegetables and dried fish produced in Korea. The exports were destined for Beijing and Manchuria in China. The company then started small-scale manufacturing by establishing confectionary machines and flour mills. The company was incorporated in the year 1951. Samsung Corporation started to substitute imported goods with locally manufactured products through the establishment of the industry called Ceil Sugar in the year 1953. This was later followed closely by the establishment of Cheil industries. Samsung group then went ahead to acquire Feb Ankuk Marine and fire insurance in the year 1958. The company was later renamed as Samsung fire and marine insurance. This was followed closely by the acquisition of Jul Dong Bang Life insurance in the year 1963. The company was later renamed to Samsung life insurance in the year 1989 (Michell 2011). However, in 1983, Samsung group has begun to develop the interest in the field of semiconductors. Up to 1983, the company was known to develop semiconductors for the local market. The development of the 64k DRAM (dynamic random access memory) by Samsung Company marked a fresh beginning with regard to international influence (Michell 2011). This marked the beginning of production of many semiconductor chips for the international market from Samsung Company (Chang 2011). In 1985, Samsung data systems were established. The company was rebranded to Samsung SDS in 1986. The aim was to pave the way for Samsung economic research institute. In the following year, Samsung advanced institute of technology was developed as the company’s main research center. Samsung group acquired KOCA. This was a credit company which was renamed to Samsung credit card in the year 1 995 (Books 2011). Through this, Samsung Company was increasing asserting itself in the world of technology and financial security systems. Samsung began acquiring many international companies with an aim of asserting itself in the international market and increasing its market share. Samsung group faces incredible competition from other South Korean industries.